A team leader’s gaze before and after making requests in emergency care simulation: a case study with eye-tracking glasses

The advanced technology of eye-tracking enables us to analyse healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) gaze behaviours. Gaze analysis has great potential to capture HCPs’ non-technical skills, especially situational awareness (SA).1 The SA framework has three levels. Level 1 involves perceiving an event, level 2 understanding what is being perceived importantly and level 3 being able to make predictions. How to analyse HCPs’ utterances and gaze in an integrative manner may provide insights into higher-order cognitive skills such as level 3 SA. This study aims to establish a method to describe HCPs’ gaze and utterances in emergency care interactions, focusing on a leader’s gaze at team members’ faces and bodies when making requests.