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# iMotions: Powering Human Insight

## Sitemaps
[XML Sitemap](https://imotions.com/sitemap_index.xml): Includes all crawlable and indexable pages.

## Posts
- [How Facial Expressions Analysis can be done remotely](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/best-practice/how-facial-expressions-analysis-fea-can-be-done-remotely/): You can still continue your biosensor research using post-processing of facial expression data. Check out our case study and tips for working remotely.
- [Tips and Tricks for Using iMotions Lab: Vol. 1](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/product-guides/tips-and-tricks-for-imotions-1/): Volume 1 of Tips and Tricks for Using iMotions kicks off a new series of practical shortcuts and lesser-known features. This edition covers smarter ways to manage your stimuli and structure your experiment flows, helping you work faster and more efficiently in iMotions.
- [Combatting Fraud in Online Surveys: What To Do When Your Respondents Aren’t Real](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/thought-leadership/fraud-in-online-surveys/): Online survey fraud is evolving rapidly with AI bots, fake respondents, and repeat takers. Discover the latest fraud detection strategies and how biometric verification can improve data integrity.
- [Human-in-the-Loop Digital Twins: How Real-Time Biosensor Data Is Transforming Simulator Research](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/human-in-the-loop-digital-twins/): Human-in-the-loop digital twins integrate live biosensor data into virtual models of operators and their environments. This article examines the research foundations, technical architecture, and practical implementation of physiological digital twins in driving simulators and beyond.
- [Digital Twins in Consumer Research: Validating Synthetic Behavior with Biosensors](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/thought-leadership/digital-twins-in-marketing-research/): How Consumer Digital Twins Are Reshaping Insights, and Why Biosensor Validation Is Crucial To Their Success
- [Affectiva Emotion SDK Now Available on Android](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/product-news/emotion-sdk-android/): Affectiva’s Emotion SDK is now available on Android, enabling real-time facial expression analysis directly on mobile devices. The new edge-based AI architecture delivers faster performance, offline functionality, stronger privacy protection, and lower cloud costs for emotion-aware apps across healthcare, automotive, gaming, research, retail, and interactive media experiences.
- [What AI Summaries Miss: Leverage Emotional Expressions in Consumer Research Recordings](https://imotions.com/blog/webinars/what-ai-summaries-miss-leverage-emotional-expressions-in-consumer-research-recordings/): With the latest AI-tools, everyone can generate summaries and prompt AI for insights from transcripts. This webinar shows you how to use measured emotional expression to get more out of your focus groups and interviews. 
- [What Happens in Flow, and How Do We Capture It?](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/flow/): Flow is not peak intensity but coordinated efficiency across brain and body. This article explains how flow emerges when challenge and skill align, and how it can be captured through synchronized multimodal data, EEG, ECG, EDA, and eye tracking, revealing stable attention, balanced arousal, and sustained performance.
- [Forensic Science: Leveraging Human Behavior Research to Go Beyond the Crime Scene](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/forensic-science/): Discover how human behavior research is transforming forensic science. Learn how multimodal platforms like iMotions integrate eye tracking, EEG, GSR, and facial expression analysis to advance deception detection, eyewitness reliability, trauma response understanding, and offender profiling, offering a more rigorous, ethical alternative to the traditional polygraph.
- [The Complete Guide to Eye Tracking with iMotions: Every Option, Compared](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/product-guides/eye-tracking-with-imotions-every-option-compared/): Screen-based trackers, wearable glasses, VR/XR headsets, and webcam-based eye tracking — what each one does, when to choose it, and how the 26+ supported devices compare.
- [Affectiva vs. Open Source: Which Facial Coding AI Solution Delivers Better Results?](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/research-fundamentals/affectiva-vs-open-source/): Compare Affectiva’s AFFDEX 2.0 with leading open-source facial coding tools. This study shows superior accuracy, face detection, and feature coverage across 10.5M frames, highlighting why commercial AI outperforms free alternatives for scalable, real-world emotion detection and research applications.
- [Online Interviews: How to Best Measure Emotional Engagement & Valence Online](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/measure-engagement-valence-in-interviews/): Online interviews often rely on self-report, but emotional engagement and valence are difficult to articulate. This article explores how iMotions and audEERING enable real-time, objective measurement of emotional responses through facial expression and voice analysis using standard webcams and microphones.
- [ECG (Electrocardiography) in iMotions: A Comprehensive Technical and Research Guide](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/ecg-electrocardiography-in-imotions/): Electrocardiography (ECG) measures the electrical activity of the heart through surface electrodes, enabling precise insight into cardiovascular dynamics and autonomic nervous system responses. From this signal, the iMotions platform derives core metrics such as heart rate (HR), inter-beat interval (IBI), and heart rate variability (HRV), which together form the foundation for analyzing physiological and emotional states.
- [EEG (Electroencephalography) in iMotions: A Comprehensive Technical and Research Guide](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/eeg-in-imotions/): Electroencephalography (EEG) in iMotions enables the measurement of cortical electrical activity via scalp electrodes, fully integrated into the iMotions Lab multimodal research platform.
- [Detecting Drowsiness with 4 Validated Metrics](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/research-fundamentals/best-drowsiness-metrics/): Drowsiness directly impacts safety, performance, and well‑being. Understanding drowsiness is critical in automotive and transportation safety, workplace and occupational health, aviation, clinical sleep research, consumer health, and human‑factors testing. Research focusing on shift work, (especially night shifts or long shifts) and long-duration tasks (e.g., performing surgeries, flying planes, driving trucks) often investigates drowsiness, sleepiness, fatigue, and alertness. 
- [How Biosensors Help Contextualize Type I and Type II Errors in Experimental Psychology Research](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/type-i-and-type-ii-errors/): Biosensors do not eliminate Type I and Type II errors, but provide continuous, objective data that complements self-report measures. By adding temporal precision and multimodal evidence, they help researchers better distinguish noise from true effects and improve measurement validity in experimental psychology.
- [GSR/EDA (Electrodermal Activity) in iMotions: A Comprehensive Technical and Research Guide](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/best-practice/gsr-research-guide/): GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) also known as EDA (Electrodermal Activity), measures changes in skin conductance driven by eccrine sweat gland activity, controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. In iMotions, GSR/EDA is collected via integrations with Shimmer, BIOPAC, and PLUX Biosignals, with full time synchronization across multimodal data streams.
- [Facial Expression Analysis in iMotions: A Comprehensive Technical and Research Guide](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/product-guides/facial-expression-analysis-in-imotions/): Facial Expression Analysis (FEA) in iMotions is the automated, computer-vision-based measurement of facial muscle movements to infer emotional states. The iMotions FEA module integrates Affectiva’s AFFDEX engine, widely recognized as a leading system for automated facial coding, to detect seven core emotions, up to 20 Action Units (AUs), valence, engagement, head pose, and blink metrics from live webcam feeds or pre-recorded video.
- [Multimodality in iMotions Software: A Complete Guide to Synchronized Biosensor Research Across iMotions Lab, Online, Education, and Media Analytics](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/product-guides/multimodality-in-imotions-software/): In iMotions, multimodality means synchronized and interoperable signals, not just multiple disconnected sensors The ecosystem is designed to support research across environments:
- [3 ways Multi-Respondent View Makes Data Analysis Easier](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/product-news/multi-respondent-view/): Multi-Respondent View is more than just a pop-up or pop-out window. Multi-Respondent View allows you to easily compare individuals in focus groups. This gives you all the options you have in the iMotions Replay window for two or more respondents. 
- [4 Neuromarketing Research Setups Using iMotions: From Beginner to Advanced](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/product-guides/4-neuromarketing-setups/): Explore 4 neuromarketing research setups using iMotions - from beginner webcam studies to advanced EEG labs. Learn which hardware and sensors fit your research needs
- [10 Areas Where Simulation Research Delivers Deep Behavioral Insight](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/top-10-simulation-research/): Discover 10 key areas where simulation research reveals deep behavioral insights, from aviation and surgery to AI systems, showing how controlled environments advance human behavior science.
- [Multiface Analysis in Action: Advanced Methods for Studying Facial Expressions in Group Settings](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/multiface-analysis-in-action/): Multiface analysis in action explores advanced methods for studying facial expressions in dyads, focus groups, and audience testing to uncover group emotions and real-world interaction insights.
- [Memory and Visual Attention: 5 Essential Eye-Tracking Experiments you should not miss](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/memory-and-attention-5-experiments/): Explore 5 classic eye-tracking experiments for memory studies. These foundational paradigms reveal how gaze behavior reflects encoding, retrieval, working memory load, and misinformation effects, offering powerful, adaptable methods for modern cognitive and neuroscience research.
- [How Hidden Markov Models Are Used To Improve Webcam Eye Tracking](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/research-fundamentals/hidden-markov-models/): Discover how Hidden Markov Models enhance eye tracking technology by analyzing visual attention and gaze patterns. This formal overview explores their applications in fields such as psychology, marketing, and user experience research.
- [Top 5 Dyslexia Research Study Designs With Eye-Tracking](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/best-practice/eye-tracking-dyslexia/): Explore the top five eye-tracking study designs for dyslexia research, highlighting innovative methodologies that enhance understanding of reading difficulties. These approaches provide valuable insights into cognitive processes and contribute to effective interventions for dyslexia.
- [Converting Raw Eye-Tracking Data into Cognitive Load Indicators](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/eye-tracking-cognitive-load/): Discover how raw eye-tracking data can be transformed into effective cognitive load indicators, providing insights into how visual attention relates to mental effort. By analyzing eye movement patterns, researchers can quantify cognitive load, allowing for a better understanding of user experience and information processing.
- [iMotions Academy Recap: Copenhagen October 2025](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/academy/imotions-academy-recap-copenhagen-october-2025/): The 5-Day iMotions Academy was hosted at Copenhagen Business School. Twenty-eight participants traveled to Copenhagen from across Europe and the United States to learn about behavioral research design and try out tools such as eye tracking, EEG, facial expression analysis, voice analysis, GSR, respiration, and ECG.
- [The 10 Best Biosensor Studies to Improve Consumer & Retail Insights Research ](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/best-practice/10-biosensor-studies/): Discover the top 10 biosensor studies that enhance consumer and retail insights research. This comprehensive overview highlights innovative methodologies and key findings, providing valuable information for businesses seeking to understand consumer behavior and improve retail strategies effectively. Stay ahead in the competitive market with these insights.
- [5 Best VR Headsets with Eye Tracking for Scientific Research (2026 list)](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/product-guides/5-best-vr-headsets/): This article looks at five VR headsets with integrated eye tracking, all supported by iMotions. It compares their strengths in visual clarity, sampling rates, and research usability across fields like neuroscience, UX, and human factors. Ideal for labs seeking the right balance between precision, realism, and scalability in eye-tracking VR research.
- [Measuring Consumer Happiness: How Biometrics Can Help Assess What Products Make People Feel Good](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/measuring-consumer-happiness/): Happiness plays a central role in shaping how consumers interact with products. It influences satisfaction, repeat engagement, and long-term brand relationships—yet it remains one of the most difficult emotional experiences to measure objectively.
- [Desire Before Delight: Why Wanting Drives Consumer Choice More Than Liking](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/measuring-desire/): Discover how desire drives real-world decisions, long before liking does. Learn why consumers chase products they later regret, and how neurophysiological tools like EEG and fNIRS can quantify motivational salience and hedonic value. From product testing and ad effectiveness to packaging studies and innovation strategy, this article explores how understanding the neural mechanics of desire unlocks predictive insights for consumer behavior and choices.
- [Top 5 Publications of 2025](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/top-5-publications-of-2025/): Every year, we publish a Top 5 Publications list celebrating the most popular scientific articles made possible with iMotions in the past year, and 2025 is no different!
- [Applying Choice Architecture in Marketing, Retail, and Consumer Contexts](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/choice-architecture/): Learn how Choice Architecture in Marketing, Retail, and Consumer Contexts shapes consumer decisions through framing, defaults, and design. Discover ethical, data-driven strategies for retail and digital environments.
- [Jaguar’s Type 00 Ad:  Smiles, Confusion, and Curiosity – What Viewers Really Felt About it](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/trend/jaguars-type-00-concept-car-ad-analysis/): Discover how Affectiva’s emotion analytics uncovered surprising viewer reactions to Jaguar's Type 00 concept car ad. Learn how emotional data, confusion spikes, and repeated exposure shaped our analysis of this campaign.
- [What is Behavior: A Comprehensive Guide to Human Actions (2025 Edition)](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/research-fundamentals/what-is-behavior/): What is Behavior in Humans? Learn the ins and outs in this comprehensive, science-backed guide covering psychology, types, examples, and real-life applications.
- [Bias: The Definitive Guide to the Architecture of Human Behavior](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/bias-the-definitive-guide/): Bias isn’t a flaw, it's a feature. Biases are the brain’s shortcuts for surviving an overwhelming world. This guide explores why cognitive biases evolved, how they shape perception, memory, and decision-making, and why understanding them is essential for improving judgment, communication, and behavior in modern life.
- [The Many Faces of Emotion: From the Duchenne Smile to the Grimace of Fear](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/research-fundamentals/duchenne-smile/): Explore the Duchenne Smile and 18 other facial expressions, their emotional meanings, and the FACS Action Units that define human emotion. Facial expressions are a universal form of nonverbal communication, revealing emotions before speech. Duchenne smile signals genuine happiness via eye and mouth muscle activation. FACS maps Action Units to facial muscles to decode emotions scientifically. Used in psychology, AI, and behavioral research to measure emotional states. It enables objective analysis of human emotion across contexts and interactions in real time.
- [iMotions 11: Two Decades of Innovation – Built for What Comes Next](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/product-news/imotions-11/): iMotions 11 marks twenty years of groundbreaking innovation in research technology. This latest iteration is designed to meet the evolving needs of researchers and businesses alike, providing advanced tools for data collection and analysis. Discover how iMotions continues to shape the future of emotion measurement and human behavior research.
- [Top Benefits of Remote Data Collection for Behavioral and Market Research](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/top-benefits-of-remote-data-collection/): Remote data collection offers significant advantages for behavioral and market research, including enhanced participant reach and cost efficiency. This method facilitates timely data gathering, ensuring accurate insights while minimizing logistical challenges. By leveraging technology, researchers can obtain diverse perspectives, ultimately enriching their findings and supporting informed decision-making.
- [Full-Scale Human Behavior Research Solutions: A Comprehensive Guide](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/product-guides/full-scale-human-behavior-research/): Explore our comprehensive guide on full-scale human behavior research solutions, designed to equip researchers with effective methodologies. This resource delves into various strategies for data collection, analysis, and interpretation, ensuring robust findings. Enhance your understanding of human behavior through systematic approaches that cater to diverse research needs and contexts.
- [The Changing Face of Advertising: What 100,000 Ads Reveal About Effective Campaigns](https://imotions.com/blog/webinars/100k-ad-tests/): Ad testing has transformed from a trial-and-error process into a sophisticated science that enables brands to refine messaging, creative elements, and targeting strategies with precision based on qualitative and quantitative data.
- [Introducing the Neurable EEG Headset – Everyday Neurotechnology](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/product-news/introducing-neurable/): Discover Neurable, the everyday EEG headset now integrated with iMotions. With dry sensors, real-time brain data, and focus metrics validated across users, it delivers 20-channel research-grade quality, perfect for attention testing, neuromarketing, and UX research in real-world environments. Science meets wearability right here.
- [Truth, Lies, and Synthetic Data: Using Synthetic Data Effectively in Market Research](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/trend/truth-lies-and-synthetic-data/): Discover how generative AI is transforming research workflows—from moderation to synthetic data. While AI boosts speed and scale, synthetic data carries risks like bias and reduced variability. The takeaway: combine AI efficiency with real human data to maintain accuracy and insight quality.
- [Synthetic Data: The Promise and Peril of AI’s Hottest Tool](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/thought-leadership/synthetic-data/): From safer cars to rare disease breakthroughs, synthetic datasets promise big wins, but new laws and ethical red lines are putting limits on their reach, as they must.
- [10 Powerful Ways to Use Nostalgia in Marketing and Advertising (with Real Examples)](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/trend/nostalgia-in-marketing/): Discover how to use nostalgia in marketing to evoke emotion, strengthen brand loyalty, and boost conversions. Learn the psychology, neuroscience, and strategies behind nostalgic advertising with real-world examples.
- [Gamification That Works – Behavioral Design That Makes A Difference](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/gamification-that-works/): Discover how gamification really works. Learn how behavioral science, reinforcement learning, and cognitive psychology drive engagement, and how to design ethical, effective gamified systems.
- [Choice Blindness – Explaining The Choices We Don’t Make](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/choice-blindness/): Choice blindness refers to the phenomenon where individuals are unaware of the choices they did not make. This cognitive bias reveals how people justify decisions post hoc, often unaware of their true preferences. Understanding choice blindness can provide insights into decision-making processes and the complexities of human behavior.
- [Memory Modulation –  Measuring What Truly Sticks](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/memory-modulation/): Discover how memory modulation transforms biometric research. Learn why attention, emotion, and neural signals don’t just shape momentary reactions—but drive what we truly remember. From ad testing to UX and education, this article reveals how linking biometric data to memory unlocks insights into the effectiveness design, and campaigns.
- [Jaguar’s Bold Rebrand Put to the Test](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/jaguar-rebrand-1/): Facial Coding tests Jaguar's rebrand impact. Is feeling absent from copywriting? Discover how Jaguar's bold rebranding fares under scrutiny. Explore how respondents react emotionally to new marketing strategies..
- [Eye Tracking Accuracy: How It is Measured](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/best-practice/eye-tracking-accuracy/): Discover how eye tracking accuracy is measured effectively in this insightful guide. Learn about the key metrics used to assess accuracy in eye tracking studies. Understanding these metrics is crucial for ensuring the reliability and validity of your eye tracking research. Master the art of precision in eye tracking measurements today.
- [Eye Tracking on iPhone: What It Means – And What It Doesn’t (Yet) – for Behavioral Research](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/trend/eye-tracking-on-iphone/): With the latest iOS accessibility update, Apple quietly introduced a new capability: camera-based eye tracking. The feature allows users to navigate and interact with their iPhone using only their gaze, which is a development that has sparked curiosity among researchers and technologists as a potential data collection avenue in the future.
- [Your Menu Is Your Most Powerful Marketing Asset](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/thought-leadership/your-menu-is-your-most-powerful-marketing-asset/): Discover how menus drive profit, not just choice. Eye-tracking reveals diners focus center-right, making placement critical. Strategic design—highlighting high-margin items, prompting early add-ons, and using visuals—can boost profits, speed ordering, and improve satisfaction, especially as off-premise dining continues to grow.
- [The Science of Resilience: Measuring the Ability to Bounce Back](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/measuring-resilience/): Explore the science behind resilience and learn about measuring one's capacity to rebound from adversity. Discover how resilience can be quantified and assessed effectively. Gain insights into the factors influencing one's ability to bounce back from challenges in this informative article.
- [Measuring Pain: Advancing The Understanding Of Pain Measurement Through Multimodal Assessment](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/measuring-pain/): Advancing the understanding of pain measurement through multimodal assessment is crucial in accurately evaluating pain experiences. Through comprehensive and diverse approaches to pain measurement, researchers aim to enhance diagnostic precision and treatment effectiveness. This study delves into the intricate methods and tools for measuring pain, shedding light on the complexity of pain assessment.
- [Feeling at Home: How to Design a Space Where the Brain can Relax](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/trend/brain-feel-at-home/): Discover how to create an environment that promotes the feeling of home, through optimal brain function with our guide on designing spaces conducive to cognitive well-being. Learn the essential elements and strategies to cultivate a space where the mind can thrive. Enhance your surroundings to foster mental clarity and productivity today.
- [iMotions’ 4 Behavioral Categories Explained](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/research-fundamentals/behavioral-categories/): iMotions empowers researchers to explore, collect and analyze human behavior through modules divided into four central behavioral categories: Arousal, Emotion, Attention, and Cognitive. Discover how combining these insights provides a comprehensive view of emotional, physiological, and cognitive responses.
- [Unconscious, Non-Conscious, or Subconscious: When To Use Which Term According To Science](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/unconscious-non-conscious-or-subconscious/): "Unconscious", "subconscious", or "non-conscious" are distinct psychological terms with specific meanings in the realm of science. Understanding the nuances between these terms is crucial for accurately conveying psychological concepts and processes. By employing these terms correctly, one can effectively communicate complex ideas related to cognition and behavior.
- [Heart Rate Variability – How to Analyze ECG Data](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/best-practice/heart-rate-variability/): We’ve put together an explanation of a few of the most common (and not so common) techniques for making the most of heart rate data, and for gaining a deep understanding of how arousal is intertwined with our experiences.
- [The International Affective Picture System- IAPS [Explained and Good Alternatives]](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/research-fundamentals/iaps-international-affective-picture-system/): The collection of 700 pictures was over ten years in the making. Image number 420: “woman at beach”. Image number 701: “basket”. Image number 310: “a burn victim”. The list goes on. Despite how it sounds, these aren’t the photographs from a journalistic art project, but material for psychological research.
- [Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) Device Prices – A Comprehensive Guide](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/galvanic-skin-response-gsr-device-prices-a-comprehensive-guide/): Discover the best galvanic skin response (GSR) / Electrodermal (EDA) devices for 2026. Compare features, prices, and applications to find the perfect GSR sensor for your research.
- [Integrating the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) with iMotions: A Multimodal Approach to Verbal Memory Assessment](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/cvlt/): Integrating the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) with iMotions offers a comprehensive approach to verbal memory assessment. This multimodal strategy enhances the evaluation process by incorporating cutting-edge technology with established cognitive testing methods. Researchers can now gain deeper insights into verbal memory performance through this innovative integration.
- [The New Frontier in Remote Behavioral Research](https://imotions.com/blog/webinars/the-new-frontier-in-remote-behavioral-research/): Remote behavioral research combines the convenience of online methods with the depth and precision of in-lab tools. Researchers can explore attention, as well as the expression and intensity of participants’ emotions, by making small adjustments to their existing data collection processes. By integrating web cameras and microphones with participant surveys, this approach offers a flexible, scalable, and cost-effective way to gain deeper insights into participant experiences, without the need for expensive hardware.
- [More Likes, More Tide? Insights into Award-winning Advertising with Affectiva’s Facial Coding](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/thought-leadership/tide-ad/): Discover how Affectiva's Facial Coding revealed why Tide's emotionally-driven ad campaign resonated with audiences and boosted social media engagement. Explore the connection between facial expressions, impactful storytelling, and the effectiveness of Tide’s marketing strategy in driving brand interaction and recall.
- [fNIRS vs EEG: Comparing Non-Invasive Brain Imaging Techniques](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/research-fundamentals/fnirs-vs-eeg/): This article is a comparison between fNIRS vs EEG, with both being non-invasive brain imaging methods used in research and clinical settings. While fNIRS offers improved spatial resolution, EEG provides superior temporal resolution. Understanding the differences between these techniques is crucial for advancing brain imaging technology and applications.
- [Gain Behavioral Insights Through Online Data Collection](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/online-data-collection/): Gain valuable insights into consumer behavior through effective online data collection methods. Discover how data-driven strategies can enhance your understanding of customer preferences and trends. Utilize online tools to gather essential information and optimize your business decisions based on detailed behavioral analysis.
- [iMotions Remote Data Collection: Break The Boundaries For Your Research](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/product-news/remote-data-collection/): iMotions Remote Data Collection eliminates boundaries for research by providing advanced tools for comprehensive data collection. Maximize your research potential through accurate and in-depth analysis. Streamline your research processes efficiently with iMotions, leading to breakthrough discoveries and a deeper understanding in your field.
- [RDC Study: How to Use Surveys and Biometrics Together](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/research-fundamentals/rdc-study/): Online or Remote Research usually consists of distributing surveys online. With tools like iMotions Remote Data Collection (RDC), you can have the flexibility of remote research combined with the insights of a lab using only your participants’  web camera and microphone. This blog will give two examples of how surveys and behavioral data can be used together. This blog is part of a Remote Data Collection Series.
- [Remote Behavioral Research Sample Study: Featuring iMotions’ Remote Data Collection](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/research-fundamentals/remote-behavioral-research-sample-study/): We set-up an internal sample remote behavioral research study, using our remote data collection platform and had employees at iMotions participate so that you could see behind the scenes of conducting remote research. Employees could choose when and where to participate from their own computers using their own web cameras and microphones.
- [Elevate your Behavioural Research: How Accelerometry Adds a New Dimension to Your Data](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/product-news/elevate-your-research-with-accelerometry/): Elevate your Behavioral Research with Accelerometry to enhance data analysis. Discover how this technology introduces a new dimension to your research methodologies, providing valuable insights. Utilize accelerometry to advance your findings and deepen the understanding of behavioral patterns for comprehensive research outcomes.
- [Why Dial Testing Alone Isn’t Enough in Media Testing – How to Build on It for Better Results](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/trend/dial-testing/): Discover why relying solely on dial testing falls short in media testing. Learn how to enhance your results by incorporating additional testing methods for a more comprehensive approach. Elevate your media testing strategy by combining dial testing with other effective methodologies to achieve superior outcomes.
- [The Power of Emotional Engagement: Entertainment Content Testing with Affectiva’s Facial Expression Analysis](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/emotional-engagement/): Unlock the potential of emotional engagement by utilizing Affectiva's Facial Expression Analysis for testing entertainment content. Discover how this cutting-edge technology enhances audience connection and optimizes content creation through precise emotional data analysis. Elevate your content strategy with data-driven insights from Affectiva's advanced facial expression analysis technology.
- [And the Winner Is… A Multimodal Analysis Of Audience Responses to 2025’s Oscar Nominees](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/trend/2025-oscar-nominees/): 2024's Oscars brought emotional contrasts, with blockbusters evoking joy and Oscar nominees leaning toward intense narratives. Using Affectiva Media Analytics and iMotions' respiration insights, this analysis reveals audience engagement trends, exploring how generative AI influenced award-winning films and shaped emotional responses in this year's cinematic landscape.
- [What Part of the Brain Controls Emotions? Discover the Science Behind Emotional Regulation](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/research-fundamentals/what-part-of-the-brain-controls-emotions/): What part of the brain controls emotions? Discover how the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and limbic system all work together to regulate fear, anger, and joy. Learn how these brain regions influence emotional responses and improve your understanding of emotional control in this comprehensive guide.
- [The Implicit Association Test (IAT)](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/research-fundamentals/implicit-association-test/): We all have preconceived ideas about the world. Whether as a result of our upbringing or life experiences certain things will always hold more negative or positive connotations than others.
- [How Many Emotions Are There and How Do They Manifest?](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/research-fundamentals/how-many-emotions/): Human emotions are complex, with experts debating their exact number. Theories like Ekman’s six basic emotions, Plutchik’s Wheel, and dimensional models explore emotional expressions, cultural variations, and physiological responses. Emotions manifest through body, mind, and behavior, shaping experiences, decisions, and social interactions universally yet uniquely.
- [Tracking Emotional Engagement in Audience Measurement is Critical for Industry Success](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/thought-leadership/audience-measurement/): Modern audience measurement must evolve beyond basic viewership stats, and it is! Tracking emotional engagement through AI-driven tools like facial coding and eye tracking helps brands create deeper connections. Discover how emotional insights enhance content strategy, ad targeting, and long-term viewer retention in today's digital landscape.
- [How Real-Time Audience Intelligence Is Revolutionizing Modern Advertising](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/audience-intelligence/): Discover how iMotions ad testing solutions revolutionizes audience intelligence with real-time insights, helping brands optimize campaigns instantly. Learn how AI-driven engagement analysis enables marketers to refine content, personalize experiences, and boost campaign performance.
- [What is Saliency Detection: Understanding What Captures Attention in Behavioral Science and Beyond](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/research-fundamentals/saliency-detection/): Within our line of sight there are always things that stand out more than others. If you find yourself gazing over a city from a height for example, you may be drawn to a nearby skyscraper, a flashing light or even a red coat someone is wearing below.
- [Master Advanced Eye Tracking Data Analysis](https://imotions.com/blog/webinars/master-advanced-eye-tracking-data-analysis/): Join us as we dive into Advanced Eye Tracking Data Analysis and discover how it can enhance your research and insights.
- [The Uncanny Valley And Designing Trust in Human-Robot Interaction](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/thought-leadership/the-uncanny-valley/): The Uncanny Valley affects trust in human-robot interaction, making near-human robots appear unsettling. Eye tracking and facial expression analysis reveal how subtle imperfections in movement and expression trigger discomfort. Understanding these cues helps designers create robots that foster trust and avoid the eerie effect of near-human AI and robotics.
- [Gaze-Mapping vs AutoAOIs – How To Choose The Best Eye Tracking Analysis Tool](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/gaze-mapping-vs-autoaoi/): Areas of Interest (AOIs) are the key tool for quantitative eye tracking analysis. Manually creating AOIs for dynamic stimuli such as videos, eye tracking glasses data, and data from VR environments can be very inefficient and inconsistent. Gaze Mapping and Automated AOIs make it easier to extract quantitative insights from dynamic stimuli. 
- [5 Steps to Enhancing Eye-Tracking with Auto AOIs: Best Practices for Researchers](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/best-practice/auto-aois-best-practices/): Automated AOIs simplify eye-tracking analysis by efficiently tracking objects across video frames. This guide explores five best practices for using Auto AOIs, covering object selection, movement considerations, and tracking accuracy. Improve your research with expert insights on optimizing Auto AOI algorithms for precise, efficient data collection in eye-tracking studies.
- [The Influence of Color on Human Behavior: A Deep Dive](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/color-and-human-behavior/): Color shapes our emotions and decisions more than we realize. From red’s urgency to blue’s calming effect, color psychology impacts marketing, design, and daily life. Learn how different hues influence mood, creativity, and even performance-helping businesses, educators, and designers make smarter choices that resonate with people across cultures.
- [Varjo VR Headsets: The Ultimate Tools for Immersive Neuroscience & Training](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/varjo-vr-headsets/): Varjo VR headsets deliver human-eye resolution, 200Hz eye-tracking, and mixed reality, making them the gold standard for immersive research. Trusted by NASA and top industries, Varjo enhances neuroscience, UX testing, and simulations.
- [Future-proof your Behavior Research Lab: How to Choose Software for the Long Run](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/how-to-choose-software-for-the-long-run/): Choosing the right software for your behavior research lab is a long-term investment. This guide explores key factors like scalability, data compatibility, support, and updates to help you future-proof your setup. Learn how to select software that adapts to evolving research needs and ensures seamless performance for years to come.
- [Expert-Novice comparisons in Sports Performance: from the Quiet Eye to the Zone](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/expert-novice-comparisons-in-sports-performance/): Sports performance experts conduct expert-novice comparisons to see what distinguishes the pros from the amateurs in order to identify opportunities for improvement and develop strategies to exploit those opportunities. While there are many differences between experts and novices (such as experience and perhaps physique), there is increasing use of eye tracking because visual attention is strongly linked to performance in many sports.
- [20 Best Books to Master Eye Tracking in 2025](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/20-books-to-help-you-unlock-eye-tracking-technology/): Accelerate your research with our curated guide to the best eye tracking books. Master advanced gaze analysis, UX usability testing, and consumer neuroscience methodologies to unlock deeper human behavior insights.
- [The Quiet Eye in Sports: Unlocking Peak Performance Through Focus](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/the-quiet-eye/): The quiet eye in sports is the final, focused gaze before a critical action, enhancing precision, decision-making, and performance under pressure. Discover its science, benefits, and how athletes can train it using tools like eye-tracking glasses for elite performance across disciplines like basketball, tennis, golf, and soccer.
- [Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research: Key Differences, Methods, and Applications](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/research-fundamentals/qualitative-vs-quantitative-research/): Learn the differences between qualitative and quantitative research, methodologies, benefits, and when to use each. A comprehensive guide for informed decision-making.
- [Exploring Neon by Pupil Labs: 7 Eye Tracker Frames for Every Scenario](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/exploring-neon-by-pupil-labs-eye-tracker-frames-for-every-scenario/): Neon by Pupil Labs is leading the field of mobile eye tracking with its innovative, modular designs. Combining adaptability, affordability, and research-grade precision, Neon is positioned as one of the most versatile solutions in the market today. Whether you're conducting studies in cognitive psychology, user behavior, industrial safety, or sports and performance research, Neon’s lineup of specialized frames ensures you can achieve your research objectives without compromising on comfort, usability, or quality.
- [iMotions to Fully Integrate Affectiva’s Media Analytics in Order to Establish Consolidated Global Behavioral Research Unit within Smart Eye Group](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/product-news/imotions-to-fully-integrate-affectivas-media-analytics/): Combination of Smart Eye subsidiaries strengthens products and services, further enabling commercial and academic researchers to gain access to unparalleled insights into human behavior
- [Understanding EMG Device Costs: What You Need to Know](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/understanding-emg-device-costs-what-you-need-to-know/): Before diving into pricing, it’s important to understand what an electromyography (EMG) device does. EMG devices measure electrical activity in muscles, providing insights into neuromuscular function. This makes them invaluable in fields like neuroscience, biomechanics, sports science, and rehabilitation.
- [A Comprehensive Guide to ECG Device Prices](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/product-guides/a-comprehensive-guide-to-ecg-device-prices/): An ECG device are vital for monitoring heart health, offering insights into cardiac activity. From advanced ECG Unit to budget-friendly options, these devices range from under $100 to over $1500. Learn about ECG device prices, features, and portability to find the best fit for your needs.
- [Top 5 Publications of 2024](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/top-5-publications-of-2024/): These publications highlight the versatility of iMotions in advancing academic research across industries and disciplines. Whether you’re interested in consumer behavior, healthcare innovation, or remote biometric research, these studies highlight the incredible potential of multimodal research tools. We’re proud to support such groundbreaking work and look forward to seeing what 2025 brings!
- [AI-Driven Emotion Recognition 101: All About Emotion Detection and Affectiva’s Emotion Metrics](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/ai-driven-emotion-recognition/): AI-powered emotion recognition technology enables machines to interpret human emotions through facial expressions, gestures, and body language. Affectiva's sophisticated AI measures emotional engagement and valence, mapping facial expressions to emotions with high accuracy. Discover how this groundbreaking technology is transforming human-AI interaction.
- [Comprehensive Guide to Eye Tracker Prices: 15+ Options Reviewed for Every Budget](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/product-news/eye-tracker-prices/): Explore eye tracker prices and features to make informed decisions for your research. Discover the best eye tracking solutions here.Explore iMotions' comprehensive guide on eye tracker prices, featuring over 15 products. This resource aids researchers in selecting the ideal eye tracking solution for their needs.
- [Sound And Creative Testing: What AI-Driven Emotion Recognition Tells Us About Viewer Response to Film](https://imotions.com/blog/sound-and-creative-testing/): Sound and Creative Testing: What AI-Driven Emotion Recognition Reveals About Viewer Response to Film delves into the insights provided by AI technology in understanding how audiences react to movies. This analysis showcases the power of emotion recognition in deciphering viewer sentiments towards films, offering valuable perspectives for filmmakers and industry professionals.
- [Infant Research – The Complete Pocket Guide](https://imotions.com/blog/learning/research-fundamentals/infant-research-the-complete-pocket-guide/): Discover how infant research is transforming through biosensors that track heart rate, brain activity, eye movements, and behavior to reveal early development, health risks, and parent–infant interaction in ways traditional observation cannot.
- [Automated Areas of Interest (Auto AOI) Best Practices](https://imotions.com/2024/12/10/autoaoi-auto-areas-of-interest/): Automated AOIs in eye tracking track attention using classifiers or pixel tracking, turning gaze data into measurable insights across video stimuli.
- [Heart Rate Variability: A Fatigue Detection Metric For Human Factors Research](https://imotions.com/blog/insights/research-insights/heart-rate-variability-a-fatigue-detection-metric-for-human-factors-research/): Discover how heart rate variability (HRV) from ECG offers a practical, sensitive alternative to EEG for fatigue detection in driving, aviation, and hazardous jobs. Learn about time- and frequency-domain HRV metrics, real-world applications, and their role in understanding stress, mental workload, and recovery in human factors research.

## Pages
- [Predictive AI](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-online/predictive-ai/): PREDICTIVE AI BENCHMARKING · STUDY TYPE · IMOTIONS ONLINE
- [Media Analytics](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-online/media-analytics/): MEDIA ANALYTICS · STUDY TYPE · IMOTIONS ONLINE
- [Behavioral Research](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-online/behavioral-research/): BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH ONLINE · STUDY TYPE · IMOTIONS ONLINE
- [iMotions Online](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-online/): From instant AI prediction benchmarking to authentic human experiences.
- [Demo Studies](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/demo-studies/)
- [Sports Science](https://imotions.com/solutions/sports-science/): Sports injuries cost hundreds of millions of dollars per season for professional teams
- [Driver Monitoring System (DMS) Evaluation Tool](https://imotions.com/products/driver-monitoring-system-dms-evaluation-tool/): iMotions' Driver Monitoring System (DMS) Evaluation Tool simplifies the process of testing DMS compliance. Guide the driver through scenarios, track the DMS response and generate a report. Test scenarios are customizable to be used with various of automotive assessment programs.
- [Automotive Research](https://imotions.com/solutions/automotive-research/): Advance automotive research by understanding drivers’ experience through their own eyes. Quantify their alertness, drowsiness, and distraction with objective measures. Assess their comfort by measuring their muscle tension. Evaluate their emotions and arousal as they navigate rush-hour traffic, reduced visibility, or monotonous stretches of highway. Drive innovation that helps them arrive safely.
- [iMotions License Options](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-license-options/): iMotions offers several license types designed to support different research workflows, from full multimodal lab environments to remote analysis and educational use.
- [fNIRS](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/fnirs/): Whether you’re quantifying cognitive workload, evaluating cognitive performance, or investigating mental well-being, fNIRS is worth considering. fNIRS is non-invasive, wearable, and wireless. No need for messy gel!
- [Electroencephalography (EEG) Software](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/modules/eeg-electroencephalography/): Electroencephalography records electrical activity using electrodes placed on the surface of the scalp and outputs this electrical activity as a series of underlying brain waves. With EEG, you can obtain insights into how the brain works by measuring the cognitive processes underlying behavior. From language and visual processing, to executive function and memory encoding, EEG data can tell us a lot about how alert, motivated, or engaged we are, or even how difficult a task is to perform.
- [Voice Analysis](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/modules/voice-analysis/): Voice analysis allows you to extract information beyond linguistics. Go deep into emotion analysis and collect data related to emotion detection (angry, happy, sad, neutral), and emotional valence (arousal, dominance, and valence). Explore fundamental voice features with metrics relating to prosody, including pitch, loudness, speaking rate, and intonation. Get data regarding perceived gender and age.
- [fNIRS](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/modules/fnirs/): Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is used for research in applied neuroscience (focused on cortical regions of the brains), clinical research, sports and rehabilitation, BCI and HMI, psychology, and even neuromarketing. With iMotions, you have the option to combine fNIRS with other tools, such as EEG and Eye Tracking.
- [Multiface Module](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/modules/multiface-module/): The MultiFace module extends the capabilities Facial Expression Analysis module to analyze multiple faces simultaneously. Powered by the leading automated facial coding AI, Affectiva’s AFFDEX, Multiface can quantify engagement of an audience, valence in a focus group, or emotions during a meeting, in real-time or from a recording. This is particularly relevant for research in consumer behavior, market research, education, mental health, and entertainment.
- [ECG (Electrocardiography)](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/modules/ecg-electrocardiogram/): ECG (electrocardiography) is a method of collecting electrical signals generated by the heart. This allows us to understand the level of physiological arousal that someone is experiencing, but it can also be used to understand psychological states.
- [Remote Data Collection](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/modules/cloud/): With the iMotions RDC (Remote Data Collection)Platform, you can measure human behavior beyond thelab-capturing meaningful data from participantsanywhere in the world. Even in remote settings, you canuncover insights across three key behavioral categories:
- [Eye Tracking Webcam](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/modules/eye-tracking-webcam/): iMotions WebET 3.0 is the most accurate webcam based eye tracking software available. The underlying algorithm has been trained on millions of faces in different lighting conditions and from different ethnicities, ensuring a robust performance and accurate results. iMotions webcam eye tracking offers a reliable way of conducting eye tracking research online with remote data collection capabilities.
- [Automated AOI](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/modules/automated-aoi/): iMotions is proud to introduce the world’s first general-purpose, fully automated Area-of-Interest (AOI) tool for dynamic eye tracking data. This breakthrough technology is invaluable to researchers using eye-tracking glasses in real-world environments, gaming, VR settings, and other dynamic scenes. The Automated AOI Module allows users to focus on extracting insights rather than manual adjustments, enhancing productivity and research quality.
- [Webcam Respiration](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/modules/webcam-respiration/): The iMotions Webcam Respiration Module sets a new standard in remote, non-invasive biometric data collection. With this module, researchers can monitor participant respiration accurately via a standard webcam, eliminating the need for specialized, contact-based hardware such as respiration belts, and thus eliminating the lab-bound logistics usually dictated by the technology.
- [GPS Module](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/modules/gps-module/): Capture and synchronize precise real-world location, speed, and movement with biometric data for unparalleled human behavior research.
- [Physical Movement](https://imotions.com/physical-movement/): Track body posture, position, and movement across environments using markerless motion capture, GPS-integrated data, and accelerometer signals from supported devices.
- [Visual Attention](https://imotions.com/visual-attention/): Understand what people look at, for how long, and in what order - across digital, physical, and immersive environments. Conduct studies remotely or in controlled environments, and quantify attention using heatmaps, Areas of Interest (AOIs), and established eye-tracking metrics such as fixations, gaze paths, and dwell time.
- [Cognitive Processes](https://imotions.com/cognitive-processes/): Understand cognitive load (mental load), attention control, and decision-related brain activity using EEG and fNIRS in controlled research environments. Analyze neural markers such as alpha asymmetry, neural synchrony measured through inter-subject correlation, and cortical activation patterns to assess motivation, engagement, and information processing across tasks and stimuli.
- [Physiological Arousal](https://imotions.com/physiological-arousal/): Understand changes in physiological arousal through respiration rate, electrodermal activity (GSR/EDA), and ECG- in both lab-based and remote studies - to assess stress response, activation intensity, and cognitive load across stimuli and experiences.
- [Emotional Expression](https://imotions.com/emotional-expression/): Understand how emotions are outwardly expressed through facial behavior and voice – across digital, physical, and immersive environments. Conduct studies remotely or in controlled settings, and analyze changes in emotional expression over time, across stimuli, and across participants.
- [Motion Capture](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/modules/motion-capture/): Whether you are interested in analyzing postures, poses, or positions, Motion Capture saves you time by automatically identifying landmarks and tracking separate body parts or landmarks and extracting movement metrics from video. No expensive motion capture suit necessary!
- [GoKart Racing: Research Outside The Lab](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/demo-studies/gokart-racing-research-outside-the-lab/): We took eye-tracking glasses, EMG sensors, a respiration belt, and ECG monitoring to the go-kart track to measure driver attention, stress, arousal, and braking behavior in a real driving scenario.
- [iMotions 11 — Built on 20 years of innovation](https://imotions.com/imotions-11-20-years-of-innovation/): Watch iMotions’ VP of Engineering Jacob Ulmert explain the latest updates and walk through what’s new in iMotions 11.
- [Mario Kart: More sensors, more insights](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/demo-studies/mario-kart-more-sensors-more-insights/): More complex multimodal analysis looking at engagement in terms of crash events with ECG, Resp, SB ET, Voice, and FEA
- [Mario Kart: From data to insights](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/demo-studies/measuring-engagement/): Look at engagement through facial expression analysis and blinks.
- [Affectiva Facial Coding API](https://imotions.com/products/affectiva-facial-coding-api/): Easy AI powered facial coding metrics for any video.
- [Contact Media Analytics](https://imotions.com/products/media-analytics/contact-media-analytics/): Affectiva is now part of iMotions, but you can still contact the Affectiva Media Analytics team directly using this form.
- [Science Resources](https://imotions.com/support/science-resources/): This page features scientific publications and posters created by our in-house scientists. The content is a valuable resource showcasing our team's research and expertise in various fields, and provides a foundation for evaluating the technologies behind our research software.
- [Affectiva Patents](https://imotions.com/affectiva-patents/): Affectiva’s patent portfolio reflects our innovation mindset. Our patents are diverse and span different types of technology. They entail AI, machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, speech analysis, and reach across different verticals, technologies, platforms, sensors, and modalities. They also span different use cases within automotive, robotics, gaming, media analytics, human behavioral research and more. The breadth and depth of our patent portfolio showcase not only our technology domain expertise but also the many creative applications of Emotion AI relevant today and in the future across many different industries.
- [Entertainment & Media Content Testing](https://imotions.com/solutions/entertainment-media-content-testing/): Great entertainment captivates, connects, and resonates. Our advanced media testing solution empowers content creators, studios, and marketers with deep audience insights-decoding both the emotional reactions, engagement and attention of viewers to craft more compelling narratives, optimize entertainment and media materials, and maximize content impact.
- [Facial Coding for Ad Testing](https://imotions.com/solutions/facial-coding-for-ad-testing/): Media Analytics powered by Affectiva's technology, provides robust, data-driven insights to help you optimize your ad content, refine media spend, and connect with your target audience. Our ad testing software delivers actionable guidance for every stage of advertisement content testing, ensuring you launch campaigns with confidence.
- [Affectiva Facial Coding SDK](https://imotions.com/products/affectiva-facial-coding-sdk/): Real-Time Emotion Sensing In Digital Experiences and Applications.
- [iMotions stance on the AI Act](https://imotions.com/imotions-stance-on-the-ai-act/): The entry into force of the EU AI Act affects the development, delivery and use of AI systems. Suppliers and users of AI systems need to assess to what extent their systems and practices are affected by the regulation and undertake actions to comply with the requirements. AI systems with the purpose of identifying or inferring emotions or intentions of natural persons on the basis of their biometric data – so called “emotion recognition systems” or “emotion AI system” - are subject to certain rules in the AI Act.
- [Conferences](https://imotions.com/conferences/): iMotions attends global conferences to present biometric and behavioral research solutions such as eye tracking and facial expression analysis. Book a meeting or demo.
- [Solutions](https://imotions.com/solutions/): We offer software and hardware solutions tailored to your needs. Our solutions are flexible and can be used both by a sole researcher and an entire university or enterprise to power a human behavior research lab.
- [Simulation Research](https://imotions.com/solutions/simulation-research-lab/): iMotions' Simulation Research Lab integrates advanced biosensors to analyze human behavior in realistic, controlled environments, enhancing research in fields like automotive, aviation, and healthcare.
- [UI and Usability Research](https://imotions.com/solutions/ui-and-usability-research-lab/): Discover how UI and usability research reveals where users struggle, hesitate, or make errors, helping you design interfaces and products that are easier to use.
- [Training and Performance](https://imotions.com/solutions/training-and-performance-lab/): The iMotions Training & Performance Lab enables researchers to monitor physiological, biochemical, and psychomotor reactions during training sessions, facilitating optimized performance strategies and a deeper understanding of human physiology under various conditions.
- [UX Research](https://imotions.com/solutions/ux-research-lab/): Clickstreams and self-reports tell you what users did, but they rarely reveal why they struggled. The iMotions UX Research Lab moves beyond subjective feedback by synchronizing visual attention (Eye Tracking) with physiological reality (GSR & Facial Expressions). Detect hidden cognitive load, pinpoint the exact moment of emotional frustration, and validate your design decisions with objective, hard data that goes deeper than "what the user said."
- [Education Research](https://imotions.com/solutions/education-research-lab/): iMotions enables mixed-methods education research on attention, engagement, cognitive load, and memory, syncing facial expression, eye tracking, GSR, EEG, and more to move beyond self-reports and video coding.
- [Health and Medicine Research](https://imotions.com/solutions/health-and-medicine-research-lab/): iMotions powers multimodal clinical research, using synchronized tools like eye tracking, EEG, ECG, and respiration to assess therapies, study nonconscious behaviors, advance assistive tech, and explore physiological biomarkers.
- [Market Research](https://imotions.com/solutions/market-research-lab/): The iMotions Market Research Lab combines advanced tools like eye tracking, facial expression analysis, and biometrics to help researchers understand consumer behavior. Gain data-driven insights into preferences, emotions, and decision-making to refine products, services, and campaigns. Perfect for delivering actionable results in both academic and commercial market research.
- [Communications Research](https://imotions.com/solutions/communications-research-lab/): iMotions' Communications Research Lab streamlines mixed-methods research, combining real-time facial expression and voice analysis with surveys to study audience responses across settings.
- [Business and Marketing](https://imotions.com/solutions/business-and-marketing-lab/): iMotions Business and Marketing Lab delivers consumer behavior, marketing, and usability insights by combining eye tracking, facial expression, and other multimodal tools beyond self-reporting.
- [Survey Tool](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/features/survey-tool/): The Survey Tool in iMotions Lab is a comprehensive solution designed to seamlessly integrate surveys into your research workflows. Whether you're creating complex experimental designs or collecting straightforward feedback, the tool offers unmatched flexibility and functionality to meet your needs. It includes two key components: the Advanced Designer and Survey Stimuli. Together, they empower you to design, deploy, and analyze surveys as part of a larger multimodal research environment. Additionally, for those using Qualtrics, iMotions Lab offers easy integration to maximize your research potential.
- [Neuromarketing and Consumer Neuroscience](https://imotions.com/solutions/neuromarketing-research-lab/): Advanced neuromarketing and consumer neuroscience software by iMotions. Integrating eye tracking, biometrics, and emotion analytics for deeper consumer insights. Book a demo.
- [Health and Wellbeing Research](https://imotions.com/solutions/health-and-wellbeing-research-lab/): Enhance health and wellbeing research with iMotions’ cutting-edge lab solutions. Leverage biosensors, eye tracking, and AI-powered insights for groundbreaking discoveries in healthcare, psychology, and human behavior. Optimize your research with seamless data collection and analysis.
- [Sensory Research](https://imotions.com/solutions/sensory-research-lab/): The iMotions Sensory Research Lab enables researchers to measure human responses to sensory stimuli using tools like biometrics, facial expression analysis, and eye tracking. Uncover actionable insights into taste, touch, smell, and more to enhance product development and consumer experiences. Perfect for advancing sensory and consumer research.
- [Ergonomics Research](https://imotions.com/solutions/ergonomics-research-lab/): iMotions' Ergonomics Research Lab integrates advanced biosensors and data analysis tools to assess physical, cognitive, and environmental factors, enhancing workspace design and human performance.
- [Psychology Research Tools](https://imotions.com/solutions/psychology-research-lab/): iMotions’ Psychology Research Lab lets you go beyond self-reports, syncing sensors to study attention, arousal, and emotion, with flexible tools and export options.
- [Sensory and Consumer Research Services](https://imotions.com/sensory-and-consumer-research-services/): Eliminate the Guesswork.
- [Selling Partners](https://imotions.com/selling-partners/): Here you will find a comprehensive list of our trusted partners who excel in providing our cutting-edge solutions across various industries. With their expertise and commitment to delivering exceptional customer experiences, our selling partners play a pivotal role in expanding the reach of iMotions and ensuring client satisfaction.
- [Product Design](https://imotions.com/solutions/product-design-lab/): The iMotions Product Design Lab empowers researchers to analyze user interactions through tools like eye tracking, biometrics, and facial expression analysis. Gain valuable insights into usability, functionality, and user preferences to create intuitive and effective product designs. Ideal for refining innovations and enhancing the overall user experience.
- [Speech-to-text](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/features/speech-to-text/): The Speech-to-Text Analysis feature in iMotions Lab, powered by AssemblyAI, transforms audio recordings into transcribed text, offering valuable insights into spoken content. This feature is designed to analyze the semantic content of speech, focusing on the meaning and sentiment behind the words rather than technical aspects like pitch or tone.
- [Analysis](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/features/analysis/): iMotions Lab is a powerful, comprehensive platform designed to support researchers in conducting multimodal research by integrating a variety of data streams from different sensors. The platform excels in capturing, synchronizing, and analyzing human behavior data across various modalities, including eye tracking, facial expression analysis, physiological sensors, and more.
- [Study Builder](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/features/study-builder/): The Study Builder in iMotions Lab is a powerful tool designed to streamline the process of creating, managing, and analyzing studies involving various biosensors and data collection methods. Whether you are a prospective client or a novice user, this guide will help you understand the robust features and options available in the Study Builder, and how it integrates with other capabilities of iMotions Lab to enhance your research.
- [Video](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/features/video/): The video capabilities in iMotions Lab are designed to provide comprehensive support for capturing, analyzing, and integrating video data into your research studies. These features are crucial for a wide range of applications, from facial expression analysis to usability studies and immersive virtual reality experiments. Here’s an overview of the video features and options available in iMotions Lab, and how they integrate with other capabilities of the platform to enhance your research.
- [Stimuli](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/features/stimuli/): iMotions Lab offers a comprehensive suite of stimuli features and options designed to enhance your research capabilities. These features allow you to create diverse and complex experimental setups that can capture a wide range of participant responses. Whether you are conducting psychological studies, market research, or usability testing, the stimuli options in iMotions Lab ensure that you have the tools needed to design, present, and analyze your studies effectively.
- [Features](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/features/): This is an overview of the most essential features of iMotions Lab
- [iMotions Return Policy](https://imotions.com/returns-policy/): At iMotions, we are committed to ensuring your satisfaction with the products you purchase through us. While iMotions does not process returns directly, we work closely with our partners to ensure that customers can return defective products according to the manufacturer’s return policy.
- [Item No Longer Available](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/item-no-longer-available/): Not Available
- [iMotions Online Demo](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-online/imotions-online-introduction/imotions-online-demo/): iMotions Online is a web-based platform for remote biometric research with webcam eye tracking, facial analysis, and real-time insights for UX and market studies.
- [iMotions Online FAQ](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-online/faq/): What is iMotions Online?
- [User Management](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-online/user-management/): iMotions Online provides robust options for permission and user management, allowing administrators to control study access and collaboration efficiently. Researchers can set study visibility and edit permissions to three levels:
- [Integration with third-party panel providers](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-online/integration-with-third-party-panel-providers/): iMotions Online seamlessly integrates with various third-party panel providers such as Forsta, Prolific, Qualtrics, CINT, Amazon MTurk, and Sona Systems. This integration facilitates participant recruitment and data collection by allowing iMotions studies to be embedded into broader experimental workflows.
- [Data Export](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-online/data-export/): Comprehensive Export Capabilities
- [iMotions Online Introduction](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-online/imotions-online-introduction/): iMotions Online Demo
- [Survey Results](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-online/data-analysis/survey-results/): Overview
- [Facial Expressions](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-online/data-analysis/facial-expression-analysis/): Overview
- [Areas of Interest (AOI)](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-online/data-analysis/areas-of-interest-aoi/): Overview
- [Gaze Paths](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-online/data-analysis/gaze-paths/): Overview
- [Heatmaps](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-online/data-analysis/heatmaps/): Overview
- [Data Analysis](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-online/data-analysis/): iMotions Online offers a comprehensive suite of data analysis tools designed to provide deep insights into biometric and behavioral research. Key features include:
- [Surveys](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-online/surveys/): Overview
- [Study Builder](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-online/study-builder/): iMotions Online offers robust and flexible study building capabilities, enabling researchers to design comprehensive studies tailored to their specific needs. The platform supports a wide range of stimuli, including images, videos, websites, and custom surveys, all integrated seamlessly into the study workflow.
- [Facial Expression Analysis](https://imotions.com/biosensors/facial-expression-analysis/): iMotions Online incorporates cutting-edge webcam-based Facial Expression Analysis (FEA) technology, enabling analysis of emotional expressions using standard webcams. This system, powered by Affectiva's deep learning algorithms, identifies and interprets facial movements to detect emotions such as, joy, anger, fear, surprise, sadness, contempt and disgust.
- [Webcam Eye Tracking](https://imotions.com/biosensors/webcam-eye-tracking/): iMotions Online features advanced webcam eye tracking technology, powered by iMotions WebET 3.0 which is our pioneering webcam based eye tracker with unmatched accuracy, enabling researchers to gather visual attention data without the need for specialized hardware. This capability is accessible through a standard webcam, making it a scalable and cost-effective solution for conducting remote studies.
- [Biosensors](https://imotions.com/biosensors/): iMotions Online utilizes advanced machine vision technology to enable remote biometric research through a web-based platform. Two primary biometrics featured are webcam-based eye tracking and facial expression analysis (also popularly known as emotion recognition). The eye tracking technology, powered by iMotions WebET 3.0, offers accurate and robust tracking, allowing researchers to analyze visual attention and gaze patterns to a wide array of stimuli types. Facial expression analysis, powered by Affectiva AFFDEX, detects and analyzes core emotions such as joy, anger, and surprise by using AI to interpret facial movements captured via webcam. These tools facilitate in-depth behavioral studies without the need for specialized hardware, making biometric research more accessible and scalable.
- [EduLabs](https://imotions.com/edulabs/): iMotions EduLabs
- [iMotions Lab](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/): Full-scale human behavior research solution for multimodal research.
- [What is New](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/what-is-new/): iMotions Lab 11
- [Respiration Sensors](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/respiration/): Respiration sensors for scientific research. Study respiration on its own or together with other modalities.
- [Respiration](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/modules/respiration/): Respiration is a measurement of the breath. Our breathing changes in relation to our actions in the world - whether physical or mental. Engaging in exercise clearly changes how we breath, but it also changes in response to increased cognitive load, emotionally-charged stimuli, and even while communicating with others. Respiration provides a non-intrusive and incisive insight into a participant’s actions and reactions in the world.
- [Data Processing Agreement](https://imotions.com/legal/data-processing-agreement/): The Data Processing Agreement (DPA) for iMotions, dated June 2023, is designed to ensure compliance with data protection regulations, particularly the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Here are the key points summarized:
- [Legal](https://imotions.com/legal/): Find all the information you need regarding your legal rights to use iMotions products and services, as well as our privacy practices.
- [Contact form](https://imotions.com/contact-form/)
- [iMotions: Your Neuromarketing Superpower](https://imotions.com/imotions-your-neuromarketing-superpower/): In a world where data drives decisions, the power of understanding your customer’s emotions and reactions is paramount. iMotions, a leader in biometric research technology, delivers advanced, comprehensive solutions for neuromarketing that allow businesses to unlock new levels of understanding and drive customer engagement.

## Hardware
- [Artinis Brite Frontal](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/artinis-brite-frontal/): Use iMotions fNIRS Module for a complete research setup that handles all aspects of the study process, from design, presentation, data acquisition and synchronization, to moment-by-moment data analysis.
- [Artinis Brite](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/artinis-brite/): The Brite MKIV is a state-of-the-art, wearable, and flexible multi-channel fNIRS device designed for advanced brain oxygenation research. Weighing just 300 grams, this ultra-light system can be easily attached to the Artinis fNIRS headcap, offering unmatched portability and comfort for diverse participants, including children and elderly individuals. Combined with offline data storage, the Brite is ideal for studies in any environment—labs, clinics, or even outdoors.
- [BIOPAC BIONOMADIX WIRELESS PPG and EDA Amplifier](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/biopac-bionomadix-2ch-gsr-eda-amplifier/): The Wireless Photo Plethysmogram (PPG) and Electrodermal Activity (EDA/GSR) BioNomadix module pair consists of a matched transmitter and receiver. The module combines these two measurements because they are typically performed on the same part of the body and they are often recorded in parallel for a variety of studies. Record one or both signals.
- [BIOPAC BioNomadix 2CH Wireless ECG Amplifier](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/biopac-bionomadix-2ch-ecg-amplifier/): The BIOPAC BioNomadix 2CH Wireless ECG Amplifier is compatible with iMotions ECG Module.
- [Logitech C920s PRO Full HD Webcam](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/logitech-c920s-pro-full-hd-webcam/): If you are looking for a high-quality webcam that delivers crystal-clear video and audio, you might want to check out the Logitech C920s PRO Full HD Webcam. This webcam features a premium glass lens that captures stunning full HD 1080p video at 30 frames per second. You can also adjust the focus, brightness, contrast, and color settings to suit your preferences. The webcam also has a built-in dual microphone system that reduces background noise and ensures clear sound. Plus, it comes with a privacy shutter that lets you cover the lens when not in use.
- [Empatica E4 EDA/GSR Wristband](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/empatica-e4-eda-gsr-wristband/): The E4 wristband is designed for researchers and physicians who are conducting research on physiology in daily life and is not for consumer use. It is flexible with tools for data recording and management as well as real-time streaming to the Empatica Realtime App both for Android and for iOS. It is also possible to measure PPG with the E4 in order to conduct Heart Rate Variability (HRV) studies.
- [HTC Vive Pro Eye](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/htc-vive-pro-eye/): Visualize in 5K fidelity.
- [Shimmer3 GSR+ Kit](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/shimmer3-gsr/): The Shimmer3 GSR+ (Galvanic Skin Response) monitors skin conductivity between two reusable electrodes attached to two fingers of one hand. Caused by a stimulus the sweat glands become more active, increasing moisture on the skin and allowing the current to flow more readily by changing the balance of positive and negative ions in the secreted fluid (increasing skin conductance).
- [Varjo XR-3](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/varjo-xr-3/): Varjo XR-3 delivers the most immersive mixed reality experience ever constructed, featuring photorealistic visual fidelity across the widest field of view of any XR headset. And with depth awareness, real and virtual elements blend together naturally.
- [Varjo VR-3](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/varjo-vr-3/): Varjo VR-3 sets a new standard for virtual reality headsets with the industry’s highest resolution across the widest field of view (115 degrees) and eye tracking at 200 Hz. With a resolution of over 70 pixels per degree in the center of the field of view, you can see and read the smallest of details in virtual reality with perfect clarity. And with a color accuracy that matches 99% with the sRGB color space, everything looks exactly as it does in the real world.
- [BIOPAC ECG100C](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/biopac-ecg100c/): The BIOPAC ECG100C device is an add-on to the MP160 and MP150 devices and records electrical activity generated by the heart. Recording ECG data from various locations allows researchers to study the properties of the ECG wave and implement a fully automated analysis.
- [BIOPAC BioNomadix 2CH EMG Amplifier](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/biopac-bionomadix-2ch-emg-amplifier/): The Wireless EMG BioNomadix is an add-on to the wired BIOPAC MP160/MP150 devices and measures Electromyography (EMG) data on one or two channels from ambulatory subjects. The matched pair emulates a “wired” connection from subject to computer, with all the benefits of a fully-wireless recording system. These units interface with the MP200 data acquisition and analysis platform, allowing advanced analysis for multiple applications and supporting acquisition of a broad range of signals and measurements.
- [Shimmer3 EMG](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/shimmer3-emg/): The Shimmer3 EMG (Electromyogram) unit provides a configurable digital front-end, optimized for the measurement of physiological signals for EMG.
- [BIOPAC EDA / GSR 100C](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/biopac-eda-gsr-100c/): The BIOPAC GSR100C is an add-on device to the BIOPAC MP160 and MP150 data acquisition devices to measure skin conductance via changes in perspiration on the surface of the skin due to stress, arousal or emotional excitement.
- [Shimmer3 ECG Kit](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/shimmer3-ecg/): The Shimmer3 ECG device provides optimized measurements for a five-wire, four-channel ECG (Electrocardiogram) solution measuring bipolar limb leads and user’s choice of V1 – V6. The device boasts optimal data quality with integrated 10DoF inertial sensing via accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer and altimeter. It also provides highly accurate and scientifically reliable raw data to allow for complete control over capture and interpretation of sensed data in real time. The ECG Unit also contains EMG functionality as standard.
- [BIOPAC EMG100C](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/biopac-emg100c/): The BIOPAC EMG100C device records activity from large and small muscle groups, including facial EMG for analyzing emotional responses. Facial electromyography (fEMG) typically uses surface EMG electrodes to detect activity at the zygomaticus (cheek), orbicularis oculi (around the eye), and/or corrigator (brow).
- [Varjo XR-4 – Focal Edition](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/varjo-xr-4-focal-edition/): Varjo XR-4 - Focal Edition is compatible with the iMotions VR Eye Tracking Module.
- [Extended Range Lens Kit for Neon Eye Tracking Glasses](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/extended-range-lens-kit-for-neon-eye-tracking-glasses/): Prescription lens kit for I can see clearly now frame. 20 lens pairs cover the range (in diopters): -6.0, -5.5 -5.0, -4.5, -4.0, -3.5, -1.75, -1.25, -0.75, -0.25, 0.25, 0.75, 1.25, 1.75, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0
- [Varjo XR-4](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/varjo-xr-4/): Varjo XR-4  is compatible with the iMotions VR Eye Tracking Module.
- [Polar Verity Sense](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/polar-verity-sense/): Polar Verity Sense is an optical heart rate monitor that provides you with maximum freedom of movement and multiple options for viewing and recording your workouts. With Bluetooth®, ANT+, and internal memory, you can connect Polar Verity Sense to a sports watch or app to see your workout in real time, or view your data afterwards.
- [Polar H10](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/polar-h10/): When it comes to accuracy and connectivity, Polar H10 heart rate sensor is the go-to choice. Monitor your heart rate with maximum precision and connect your heart rate to a great variety of training devices with Bluetooth® and ANT+.
- [BIOPAC RSP100C](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/biopac-rsp100c/): The BIOPAC RSP100C device is an add-on to the MP160 and MP150 to record breathing mechanics by examining pressure/flow and pressure/volume relationships. Analyze respiratory gas consumption and production in real-time and perform calculations for a complete metabolic analysis.
- [BIOPAC BIONOMADIX 2CH RSP Amplifier](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/biopac-bionomadix-2ch-rsp-amplifier/): The BIOPAC BIONOMADIX 2CH RSP Amplifier is compatible with iMotions Respiration Module.
- [Varjo Aero](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/varjo-aero/): Varjo Aero offers a generational leap in visual fidelity for professionals and leading-edge VR users alike.
- [SteamVR Base Station 2.0](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/steamvr-base-station-2-0/): Now with wide-area tracking, Base Station 2.0 powers the presence and immersion of room-scale virtual reality by helping VIVE Pro series or Cosmos Elite headsets and controllers track their exact locations. Features wireless syncing.
- [Shimmer Dock](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/shimmer-dock/): The Shimmer Dock is compatible with both Shimmer3 and Shimmer2r units.
- [Consensys Base15](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/consensys-base15/): The Consensys Base15 allows users to easily configure and capture data from up to 60 sensors simultaneously, to simplify the setup of trials and storage of recorded data. Key features include:
- [Shimmer Consensys Base6](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/consensys-base6/): The Consensys Base6 allows users to easily configure and capture data from multiple sensors simultaneously, to simplify the setup of trials and storage of recorded data. Key features include:
- [Plux Electrodermal Activity (EDA) Sensor](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/plux-electrodermal-activity-eda-sensor/): The biosignalsplux EDA sensor is capable of accurately measuring the electrical properties of the skin which changes. These changes are caused by alterations in sweat secretion and sweat gland activity as a result of changing sympathetic nervous system activity. The low-noise signal conditioning and amplification circuit design provide optimal performance in the detection of even the most feeble electrodermal skin response events.
- [PLUX Biosignals 8-Channel System Kit](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/plux-researcher-kit/): biosignalsplux enables up to ~10h of signal streaming at up to 3000Hz sampling rate and 16-bit resolution per channel while recording data from up to 8 sensors simultaneously. Due to its compact design, biosignalsplux can even be used for signal acquisition in dynamic conditions. Additionally, the Video Synchronization add-on allows the users to record videos during signal acquisition sessions to visualize all acquired signals synchronously with the recorded video for post-acquisition analysis purposes (e.g. movement analysis).
- [Plux Inductive Respiration (RIP) Sensor](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/plux-inductive-respiration-rip-sensor/): This high-performance inductive respiration sensor has been specifically designed to have dynamic conditions in mind (e.g. ambulatory sensing). The sensing element is embedded in the chest strap fabric and spans its full length.
- [Plux Electromyography (EMG) Sensor](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/plux-electromyography-emg-sensor/): The biosignalsplux Electromyography (EMG) Sensor is designed to monitor muscular activity even in the most extreme conditions. The bipolar configuration is ideal for uncompromised low-noise data acquisition, and the raw data output provides medical-grade data enabling it to be used for advanced and highly accurate biomedical, biomechanics, and sports research, among many other possible applications.
- [Plux Electrocardiography (ECG) Sensor](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/plux-electrocardiography-ecg-sensor/): Our low-noise ECG local differential triode configuration enables fast application and unobtrusive single-lead ECG data acquisition (although custom electrode cable configurations are available). The state-of-the-art design of the analog frontend on this sensor is specifically targeted at analyzing minutiae in the data and provides medical-grade raw sensor data.
- [respiBAN BLE](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/respiban-ble/): Introducing respiBAN BLE, your go-to wireless wearable for hassle-free respiration and motion data collection.
- [BIOPAC MP200](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/biopac-mp200/): BIOPAC MP200 data acquisition and analysis systems provide a flexible tool for life science research. MP200 data acquisition workstations include all hardware, software, cables, and guides you need to get started.
- [Blood Volume Pulse (BVP) Finger Clip Sensor](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/blood-volume-pulse-bvp-finger-clip-sensor/): The biosignalsplux Blood Volume Pulse (BVP) sensor is compatible with iMotions ECG Module.
- [Neurable MW75 Neuro Research Kit ](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/neurable-mw75-neuro-research-kit/): Designed for technologists, scientists, and others, Neurable is advancing neuroscience with the most discreet EEG technology for the real world. Neurable's Research Kit and the MW75 Neuro can transform your research for medical breakthroughs, scientific study, or product development.
- [Artinis BabyBrite](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/artinis-babybrite/): A wearable & flexible multi-channel fNIRS device for baby brain oxygenation measurement
- [Shimmer3R GSR+ Kit](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/shimmer3r-gsr-kit/): The Shimmer3R GSR+ (Galvanic Skin Response) unit provides connections and preamplification for one channel of Galvanic Skin Response data acquisition (Electrodermal Resistance Measurement – EDR/Electrodermal Activity (EDA). The GSR+ unit is suitable for measuring the electrical characteristics or conductance of your skin, as well as capturing an Optical Pulse/PPG (Photoplethysmogram) signal and converting to estimate heart rate (HR), using the Shimmer ear clip or optical pulse probe.
- [BIOPAC MP160](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/biopac-mp160/): The BIOPAC MP160 system is a flexible, proven modular data acquisition & analysis system for life science research. This 16-channel system includes AcqKnowledge software with specialized analysis capabilities. Applicable to over 40 research fields, new modules are available for electrogastrogram, micro-electrode recording, noninvasive blood pressure measurement & electrical bioimpedence (cardiac output), and others. To facilitate the discovery process and help ensure reproducible, publishable data, powerful automated analysis routines are available for ECG, HRV, EEG, EMG, EGG, and many more.
- [Enobio 8](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/enobio-8/): Enobio® is a wearable, wireless electrophysiology sensor system for the recording of EEG. Using the superb Neuroelectrics Cap, Enobio 8 is ideal for out-of-the-lab applications.
- [B-Alert X10](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/b-alert-x10/): The B-Alert X10 system, along with its sister product, the B-Alert X24, are the premier solutions for mobile EEG applications, delivering a balance of functionality and simplicity. The lightweight headset applies easily and remains comfortable for extended high-quality recordings in any home, lab, or operational setting. The 9-channel combination of mid-line and lateral EEG sites – plus the additional channel of ECG, EMG or EOG data – allows for multiple analysis opportunities, as evidenced by numerous peer-reviewed publications.
- [B-Alert X24](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/b-alert-x24/): The B-Alert X24 system, along with its sister product, the B-Alert X10, are the premier solutions for mobile EEG applications, delivering a balance of functionality and simplicity. The B-Alert X24 enables the acquisition of high-quality EEG signals and provides additional sensor site coverage and deeper analysis potential. The B-Alert X24 has 20 channels of EEG (features the International 10-20 medical montage) and 1 optional lead for ECG, EMG, or EOG. The X24 is commonly used to identify biomarkers, or in research where the prefrontal/temporal regions are of particular interest. Comfortable for hours and easy to use, the X24 offers dual compatibility with both the full 10-20 (X24) and reduced montage (X10) strips. 
- [Enobio 20](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/enobio-20/): Enobio® is a wearable, wireless electrophysiology sensor system for the recording of EEG. Using the superb Neuroelectrics Cap, Enobio 20 is ideal for medium-density recording research applications requiring the full 10-20 system (e.g., sleep studies).
- [Enobio 32](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/enobio-32/): Enobio® is a wearable, wireless electrophysiology sensor system for the recording of EEG. Using the superb Neuroelectrics Cap, Enobio 32 is ideal for high-density recording research applications.
- [actiCHamp Plus](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/actichamp-p/): The actiCHamp is a revolutionary development that integrates high-end components for electrophysiological (EEG/ERP, ExG, BCI, etc.) research in one easy to use, highly versatile, and affordable 24-bit amplifier, available to integrate in iMotions with 32 and 64 channels.
- [Enobio Earclip](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/enobio-earclip/): The Earclip is the dual reference electrode allowing you to quickly and conveniently connect both CMS (Common Mode Sense) and DRL (Driven Right Leg) mandatory reference electrodes to the same earlobe. It suits EEG, tES, and hybrid applications as well. The Earclip is reusable up to 100 times.
- [CEDRUS StimTracker Duo (base unit only)](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/cedrus-stimtracker/): The StimTracker from Cedrus allows researchers to eliminate timing delays caused by computer operating systems or monitor graphics cards in data analysis. It uses light sensors to precisely detect stimuli changes and writes this information as time stamps (event markers) in EEG and eye tracking data. The common timestamps can then be used for easy multichannel synchronization and analysis.
- [Pupil Invisible](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/pupil-invisible/): With Pupil Labs' Pupil Invisible we have developed a new approach to mobile eye tracking that is powered by a novel end-to-end gaze estimation pipeline. You can put on the glasses and you will get gaze data immediately.
- [Pupil Core](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/pupil-core/): Pupil Core is an eye tracking platform that is comprised of an open-source software suite and a wearable eye tracking headset. Pupil Core is more than just a product, it is an open platform used by a global community of researchers. Venture into new areas of inquiry.
- [Viewpointsystem VPS Smart Glasses](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/vps-19/): The Viewpointsystem VPS Smart Glasses enable advanced eye tracking in industrial settings. Developed for applications such as manufacturing, occupational safety, mobility, healthcare, sports, and automotive, the VPS 19 received a CES Innovation Honoree Award in the “Wearable Technologies” category. The glasses feature industry-standard eye protection and replaceable optical lenses. Robust with regards to lighting conditions, the VPS 19 also record a scene video with sound, and allow for the possibility of remote streaming to the Viewpointsystem server for live observation.
- [ETVision System](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/etvision-system/): The ETVision system from Argus Science, provides high update rate and binocular measurement, with the ultimate in ease of use and complete mobility indoors or out.
- [VPS19 Lenses Pack](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/vps19-lenses-pack/): This pack of lenses allows for a quick change with various diopter levels. The VPS 19 eye tracking glasses can be adjusted to the individual needs of the user. The lenses are also available as progressive lenses.
- [SMI Eye Tracking Glasses](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/smi-eye-tracking-glasses/): SMI Eye Tracking Glasses is a mobile eye tracking technology that has been *Discontinued*. The SMI eye tracking glasses Integrate with iMotions but are no longer manufactured or sold. For a viable substitution, please see Neon by Pupil Labs
- [Just Act Natural – Neon Eye Tracking Glasses](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/neon-by-pupil-labs/): The Just Act Natural - Neon Eye Tracking Glasses are compatible with the iMotions Eye Tracking Glasses Module.
- [All Fun and Games – Neon Eye Tracking Glasses for Kids](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/neon-childrens-frame-all-fun-and-games/): The All Fun and Games - Neon Eye Tracking Glasses are compatible with the iMotions Eye Tracking Glasses Module.
- [Neon Module – Bare Metal](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/neon-module-bare-metal/): We've made the interface geometry open. Develop your own frames. Integrate Neon into your own prototypes.
- [Better Safe Than Sorry – Neon Safety Eye Tracking Glasses](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/neon-safety-glasses-frame-better-safe-than-sorry/): The Better Safe Than Sorry - Neon Safety Eye Tracking Glasses are compatible with the iMotions Eye Tracking Glasses Module.
- [I Can See Clearly Now – Neon Eye Tracking Glasses](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/i-can-see-clearly-now-neon-eye-tracking-glasses/): The I Can See Clearly Now – Neon Eye Tracking Glasses are compatible with the iMotions Eye Tracking Glasses Module.
- [Crawl Walk Run – Neon Eye Tracking Glasses](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/crawl-walk-run-neon-eye-tracking-glasses/): The Crawl Walk Run - Neon Eye Tracking Glasses are compatible with the iMotions Eye Tracking Glasses Module.
- [Ready set go! Neon Eye Tracking Glasses](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/ready-set-go-neon-eye-tracking-glasses/): The Ready set go! – Neon Eye Tracking Glasses are compatible with the iMotions Eye Tracking Glasses Module.
- [Is This Thing On? Neon Eye Tracking Glasses](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/is-this-thing-on-neon-eye-tracking-glasses/): The Is This Thing On? – Neon Eye Tracking Glasses are compatible with the iMotions Eye Tracking Glasses Module.
- [The Goggles – Neon Eye Tracking Glasses](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/the-goggles-neon-eye-tracking-glasses/): Eye tracking goggles for laboratory and clean room environments
- [I Can Track Clearly Now – Neon Eye Tracking Glasses](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/i-can-track-clearly-now-neon-eye-tracking-glasses/): The I Can Track Clearly Now - Neon Eye Tracking Glasses are compatible with the iMotions Eye Tracking Glasses Module.
- [All Clear – Neon Eye Tracking Glasses](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/all-clear-neon-eye-tracking-glasses/): Eye tracking goggles for high risk professional performance.
- [EyeTech VT3 Mini](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/eyetech-vt3-mini/): The EyeTech VT3 Mini is compatible with the iMotions Screen-based Eye Tracking Module.
- [SMI REDn](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/smi-redn/): The SMI REDn scientific is a reliable screen-based eye tracker that enables researchers to conduct fixation-based studies with a sampling rate of 30 or 60Hz. Unfortunately, this product is *Discontinued*. Please see the Smart Eye Aurora as an equivalent substitute.
- [SMI-m](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/smi-m/): The SMI RED-m scientific is a reliable screen-based eye tracker that enables researchers to conduct fixation-based studies with a sampling rate of 30 or 60Hz. Unfortunately, this product is *Discontinued*. Please see the Smart Eye Aurora as an equivalent substitute.
- [SMI RED](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/smi-red/): The SMI RED eye tracker comes in a modular design that allows different setups with the same system – from an integrated 22” monitor to TV screens up to projections of any size. This eye tracker provides an all-in-one solution to test different stimuli ranging from small packages to large shelf displays.
- [Smart Eye Aurora Eye Tracker](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/smart-eye-aurora/): Smart Eye Aurora is a high-performance eye tracker. The powerful Aurora offers high-end eye tracking capabilities in a small size without compromising quality or performance.
- [Smart Eye Pro 60 Hz](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/smart-eye-pro/): A true multi-camera system, Smart Eye Pro is scalable from 2 up to 8 cameras allowing the 360-degree head and eye tracking. Free and wide placement of cameras both horizontally and vertically makes it ideal for a large number of environments, setups, and situations.
- [Smart Eye AI-X](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/smart-eye-ai-x/): The Smart Eye AI-X is the next generation of Smart Eye’s range of compact and high-performance eye trackers, designed for screen-based (screens up to 24”) eye tracking research within marketing, UX and media.
- [EyeTech VT3 XL](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/eyetech-vt3-xl/): Unfortunately, this is no longer manufactured but can be custom produced for a minimum order of 25 units. The EyeTech VT3 XL eye tracker is compatible with the iMotions Screen-based Eye Tracking Module.
- [Gazepoint GP3 HD](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/gazepoint-gp3-hd-2/): Gazepoint GP3 HD is a research-grade eye tracker utilizing a machine-vision camera at the heart of its imaging and processing system. Gazepoint GP3 HD is recommended for researchers and developers.
- [Mobile device testing stand](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/mobile-device-testing-stand/): The Smart Eye Mobile Stand UnitFrom customer usability tests to qualitative studies and everything in between,the Smart Eye Mobile Stand unlocks the power of the world’s most advancedremote eye tracking system–wherever you are.
- [Gazepoint GP3](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/gazepoint-gp3/): The Gazepoint GP3 eye tracker is compatible with the iMotions Screen-based Eye Tracking Module.

## Brands
- [Brain Vision](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/brain-vision/): Brain Vision empowers neurophysiological research by providing state-of-the-art hardware and software solutions from world-leading manufacturers. Specializing in robust and versatile technologies, their comprehensive portfolio includes EEG, fNIRS, mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI), and peripheral physiology equipment. Whether conducting studies in controlled lab environments, immersive virtual reality, or specialized settings like fMRI, Brain Vision equips researchers with reliable tools and expert-level scientific support to seamlessly capture and analyze human behavior and cognitive processes.
- [Neurable](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/neurable/): Spun out of the University of Michigan’s Direct-Brain Interface Laboratory, Neurable has been developing accessible BCI technology for more than a decade. Our mission is to create wearable EEG devices that overcome the limitations of traditional setups.
- [Artinis](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/artinis/): World leader in (f)NIRS measurements
- [VI-grade](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/vi-grade/): VI-grade is a leading provider of real-time simulation and professional driving simulator solutions that accelerate product development across the transportation industry. The company’s driving simulators range from static deskside solutions to full-scale driver-in-the-loop dynamic simulators, allowing OEMs, suppliers, research centers, motorsport teams and universities to reduce physical prototypes and accelerate innovation.
- [Plux Biosignals](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/plux-biosignals/): Since its inception in 2007, the goal for PluX Biosignals has been to facilitate the access to solutions that cover the entire biosignals life cycle & drive biosignals innovation, from learning the first steps with BITalino, research with biosignalsplux, up to developing your next medical device. We provide the biosignals engineering tools & services to build your biosignals products & medical devices while meeting all industry standards and beyond.
- [audEERING](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/audeering/): Founded in 2012 as a spin-off of the Technical University of Munich, audEERING is a leading innovator in the field of AI-based audio analysis, specializing in voice analysis. Machine learning such as Deep Learning is used to develop neural network-based algorithms and train them using promising methods such as Unsupervised Learning. audEERING's patented technology makes it possible to use a variety of different models for automated voice and general audio analysis. In this way, human characteristics and states, health-related voice biomarkers and sound events, and up to 21 acoustic scenes are robustly and reliably recognized in real-time.
- [Polar](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/polar/): The products we make are the result of years of unparalleled innovation in science and guidance technology – this is the leading differentiator between us and everyone else.
- [Cedrus](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/cedrus/): Cedrus is a small company located in San Pedro, California, that takes delight in developing software and hardware for the psychology and psychophysiology research community.
- [SMI – SensoMotoric Instruments](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/smi-sensomotoric-instruments/): SMI has been sold to Apple Inc, and as a result, their research equipment is discontinued. iMotions still integrates and supports SMI equipment, but reselling is not possible anymore. On the specific SMI hardware product pages, we list the closest viable alternatives from our existing product portfolio.
- [Sens](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/sens/): SENS Innovation ApS was founded in 2014 by Kasper L. Lykkegaard and Morten Kjærgaard. The company develops medical sensor products, based on advanced sensor technology, for monitoring of physical activity with patients.
- [Realeyes](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/realeyes/): Our technology works with any device camera or webcam and the SDK has been designed to analyze spontaneous facial expressions in response to experiences.
- [Affectiva](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/affectiva/): Affectiva, now part of the Smart Eye group, is on a mission to humanize technology, bridging the gap between humans and machines. Founded by visionary scientists Dr. Rana el Kaliouby and Dr. Rosalind Picard, Affectiva spun out of the MIT Media Lab in 2009. Affectiva created and defined the new technology category of Emotion AI, and evangelized its many uses across industries.
- [Smart Eye](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/smart-eye/): Smart Eye is the global leader in Human Insight AI, technology that understands, supports, and predicts human behavior in complex environments. We are bridging the gap between humans and machines for a safe and sustainable future. Our multi-modal software and hardware solutions provide unprecedented human insight in automotive and behavioral research-supported also by Affectiva and iMotions, companies we acquired in 2021.  
- [Empatica](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/empatica/): Empatica designs and develops AI systems to monitor human health through wearable sensors. The Company's technology empowers thousands of patients, clinicians, and researchers with real-time human insight, driven by physiological and behavioral biomarkers.
- [Shimmer Research](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/shimmer/): Shimmer Research is a world-leading wearable technologies services and sensor manufacturing company supplying customized sensor development services, volume manufacturing, and complete wearable sensor solutions of any complexity to medical, neuroscientific, and clinical research markets.
- [Brain Products](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/brain-products/): Brain Products is a leading manufacturer of hardware and software solutions for neurophysiological research. We offer versatile EEG equipment to provide end-to-end solutions for laboratory and mobile applications. For us, a solution is only a solution if it covers all of your research needs. Thus, you’ll find comprehensive solutions that cover the fields of EEG/ERP, BCI, mobile EEG, EEG & Brain Stimulation, EEG & fMRI, EEG & fNIRS, EEG & Eye Tracking, sleep research, and more.
- [Neuroelectrics](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/neuroelectrics/): Neuroelectrics is a creative, high-tech company offering the best in class non-invasive and high definition electrical brain stimulation technology for personalized neuromodulation. By measuring and modifying brain function, we aim to restore brain health, minimize disabilities and create a better life for patients.
- [Logitech](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/logitech/)
- [Vive](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/vive/)
- [Varjo](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/varjo/): Meet the world’s most advanced VR/XR.Varjo makes the highest-immersion virtual and mixed reality products and services for advanced VR users.
- [Viewpointsystem](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/viewpointsystem/): At Viewpointsystem, we combine pioneering technology with scientific know-how in the field of gaze research. We manufacture both the hardware and the software.
- [EyeTech](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/eyetech/): EyeTech is the global leader in Health AI with its revolutionary eye tracking and tunable technology platform. Our exclusive design combines the flexibility of an ultra-high-speed FPGA processing with AI algorithms and advanced analytics to deliver unrivaled, eye data intelligence with HIPAA integrity.
- [Argus Science](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/argus-science/): Argus Science, LLC was formed by a small group of dedicated engineers to develop next generation Eye Tracking solutions. With over 40 years of collective experience in the Eye Tracking field, we are committed to supporting past customers of Applied Science Laboratories and to create new solutions that will benefit the growing requirements of this exciting field. Please feel free to Contact Us with any questions, requirements or requests and we will respond promptly. Look for new developments to be announced as we establish a new identity and introduce new approaches for your research and applied applications.
- [Advanced Brain Monitoring](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/advanced-brain-monitoring/): Advanced Brain Monitoring’s wireless B-Alert systems expand the horizon for operational neuroscience applications and cognitive state/human factors assessments. The simplicity, ease of use, comfort and wearability of its systems allow high-quality data to be acquired in real or virtual environments by personnel with limited technical training. ABM’s products provide the flexibility to determine where sensors need to be placed to optimize cognition detection and then downsize to a truly mobile acquisition system with real-time processing and feedback.
- [Gazepoint](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/gazepoint/): At Gazepoint, we have been developing eye trackers for more than a decade, and we have managed to create one of the best eye tracking software for marketers.
- [Biopac](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/biopac/): BIOPAC lets you measure physiology anywhere with innovative, compatible solutions that can be used by anyone for meaningful discovery. We make high-quality scientific tools for physiology measurement and interpretation with superior compatibility and world-class customer service and support.
- [Pupil Labs](https://imotions.com/products/hardware/brand/pupil-labs/): We founded Pupil Labs in 2014 around a single product - Pupil Core - a platform that is comprised of an open source software suite and a wearable eye tracking headset. Pupil Core is more than just a product, it is an open platform used by a global community of researchers. In a few short years, we grew from a 2 person company into a market leader in wearable eye tracking.

## Prices
- [Smart Eye Pro Module](https://imotions.com/pricing/smart-eye-pro-module/)
- [iMotions VR Additional Set Up](https://imotions.com/pricing/imotions-vr-additional-set-up/)
- [Customer Support Program](https://imotions.com/pricing/customer-support-program/)
- [Academy 2](https://imotions.com/pricing/academy-2/)
- [Academy 1](https://imotions.com/pricing/academy-1/)
- [iMotions Lab Module](https://imotions.com/pricing/imotions-lab-module/)
- [iMotions Lab](https://imotions.com/pricing/imotions-lab/)

## Publications
- [Designing smart menus: A multi-method exploration of AI integration in hospitality guest experience and operations](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/designing-smart-menus-a-multi-method-exploration-of-ai-integration-in-hospitality-guest-experience-and-operations/): This study explores artificial intelligence (AI) applications in menu design optimization within hospitality management. Grounded in choice architecture, arousal and S-O-R theories, it examines how AI-optimized/ menus influence consumer dining behaviors and physiological responses. Based on a baseline menu, ChatGPT enhanced it into three themes: sustainable, healthy, and mixed. A controlled laboratory experiment with 63 participants combined behavioral food choice measures, facial electromyography (EMG), and post-experimental surveys. Random Forest algorithms identified predictive design features. Findings show AI-optimized menus significantly encourage sustainable and healthy choices. EMG-based positive affect mediated the relationship between design and sustainable food selection, but not healthy choices. Machine learning highlighted distinct feature importance: navigation ease and sustainability indicators for sustainability-oriented menus, and health icons for health-focused menus. The study advances hospitality theory by providing empirical evidence of AI’s role in service design and offers practical insights for integrating AI into menu development processes.
- [Innovators and transformers – filling the void: informing operations management research and practice by applied neuroscience](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/innovators-and-transformers-filling-the-void-informing-operations-management-research-and-practice-by-applied-neuroscience/): Purpose
- [THE HIDDEN DIMENSION OF CONSUMER REACTIONS: NEUROMARKETING EVIDENCE AND ADVERTISING LITERACY](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/the-hidden-dimension-of-consumer-reactions-neuromarketing-evidence-and-advertising-literacy/): Abstract:Advertising literacy has long been studied primarily through explicit methods such as questionnaires and interviews, which capture respondents’ self-reported knowledge and attitudes. However, these approaches face serious limitations – they are prone to biases such as social desirability and often fail to capture implicit processes involved in advertising perception that occur outside conscious reflection. Our goal was to analyse the extent to which the neuromarketing research environment reveals a discrepancy between explicit and implicit responses and the significance of this phenomenon for the development of the concept of advertising literacy. The research was based on a series of five exploratory case studies conducted at the Neuromarketing Laboratory of FMK UCM in Trnava, which combined traditional self-report approaches with biometric methods such as eye-tracking, galvanic skin response, and facial expression analysis. The samples consisted of 10 to 30participants, with the design adapted to the specifics of individual stimuli (video ads, banners, product packaging, branded products). Despite the different research objectives of the individual studies, a consistent pattern repeatedly emerged in the data: the declared attitudes of respondents often differed from their implicit responses. These discrepancies suggest that advertising literacy cannot be understood solely as a set of conscious competencies, but must be complemented by an implicit dimension revealed by consumer neuroscience. The results therefore support the need for a more systematic integration of implicit measures into advertising literacy research and open up space for further development of methodology in this area.
- [THE POWER OF MARKETING ALONG THE CUSTOMER JOURNEY: INTEGRATING NEUROMARKETING AND TRADITIONAL RESEARCH METHODS](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/the-power-of-marketing-along-the-customer-journey-integrating-neuromarketing-and-traditional-research-methods/): Abstract:This study examines the power of marketing communication in the context of the customer journey and compares the informative value of traditional and neuromarketing methods in interpreting consumer decision-making. The aim is to show the extent to which the biometric and conscious responses of research participants coincide, complement or diverge in their evaluation of marketing stimuli. The research is based on three case studies conducted at the Neuromarketing Laboratory of FMK UCM in Trnava, which combined eye-tracking, facial expression analysis and qualitative interviews. The results revealed three types of relationships between the methods: (1) convergent validity, where neuromarketing confirms the results of the questionnaire, (2) added value, where biometrics captures implicit differences invisible in conscious responses, and (3) limitations, where technology fails to record higher, introspective emotions. The study points out that neither neuromarketing nor questionnaires are sufficient on their own. However, combining them increases interpretative depth and allows for a more accurate understanding of how marketing communication shapes consumer perception and decision making. Based on the results, the authors propose a iterative model of multimodal research in which neuromarketing precedes and complements classical methods, contributing to higher validity and reflective accuracy in examining the customer journey.
- [VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND BRAND DESIGN IN MARKETING COMMUNICATION AND THEIR IMPACT ON CONSUMER PURCHASING DECISIONS: REACTION TO PACKAGING DESIGN](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/visual-communication-and-brand-design-in-marketing-communication-and-their-impact-on-consumer-purchasing-decisions-reaction-to-packaging-design/): Abstract:The study focuses on analysing consumer reactions when evaluating food packaging with different objective values. Its aim was to examine how visual design elements are reflected in consumer decision-making and how they influence the customer journey – from initial attention capture to conscious quality evaluation. The research responds to the broader question of the power of marketing in shaping the perception of product value and confirms that packaging design also acts as an autonomous communication element within the customer experience. The experiment, based on findings from the field of consumer neuroscience, was conducted on a sample of seventeen respondents who evaluated five pairs of products (premium versus cheaper variants) in random order. The combination of a questionnaire and eye-tracking measurements made it possible to observe the difference between what consumers say and where their attention is directed. Fixation-based metricsconfirmed that while premium packaging attracted attention later, it held it longer and more steadily, which corresponds to deeper cognitive processing of information (Evans, 2008; Pieters & Wedel, 2008). In contrast, cheaper designs evoked faster, emotional impulses, but these were shorter in duration. The findings show that consumer behaviour is the result of a combination of affective and cognitive mechanisms, with visual stimuli playing a key role in the early stages of the customer journey. In this context, the power of marketing manifests itself not only in rational arguments, but especially in the ability of design to evoke implicit trust and emotional resonance. The integration of neuromarketing and declarative methods has proven to be an effective approach to understanding decision-making processes in the visual marketing environment.
- [VISUAL SALIENCE OF WINE LABELS: EVIDENCE FROM ATTENTION METRICS](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/visual-salience-of-wine-labels-evidence-from-attention-metrics/): Abstract:Visual salience of wine packaging strongly influences purchase decisions, yet systematic evidence from Central Europe remains limited. Bottom-up theories predict that contrast, colour, and shape automatically capture fixations, while top-down goals steer gaze toward textual brand cues. This study examines how a single wine label presented on three identical bottles directs consumer attention. Thirty-eight participants viewed the stimulus for eight seconds under controlled laboratory conditions. Eye movements recorded in iMotions were analysed via heat maps, areas of interest, and scan paths to determine which bottle received the first fixation and how gaze evolved over time. Results show that the label as a whole captured the majority of visual attention, confirming its central informational and aesthetic function. Within the label, the grape illustration and the word “WINE” acted as visual anchors with the highest salience, rapidly attracting and sustaining gaze. These findings refine neuromarketing evidence on packaging attention and offer actionable guidance for designers: organise colour contrast, element size, and placement to prioritise salient anchors, and consider central positioning effects when arranging competing bottles on shelves. The study thus links attention metrics with concrete recommendations for more effective wine label design.
- [The Body Knows What the Mind Does Not: Uncertainty Affects Physiological Markers of Deception](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/the-body-knows-what-the-mind-does-not-uncertainty-affects-physiological-markers-of-deception/): Abstract: Humans, as social beings, may choose to be either truthful or deceptive to achieve personal benefits. Although deception and truth-telling are distinct, both rely on an individual's certainty about the world, shaping responses associated with honesty or lying. However, our surrounding environment is often characterized by a lack of certainty, and little is known about the psychophysiological responses in situations of uncertainty, where individuals lack confidence in whether their statements are truthful or deceptive. In this study, we implemented a within-subject design where thirty-two participants (mean age: 23.94; age range: 19–32; 17 females) were asked to persuade another person about the goodness of their performance in cognitively demanding tasks, while their self-confidence, electrodermal activity (EDA), and facial muscle activity were measured under three conditions: Deception, Uncertainty, and Truth. Participants reported lower self-confidence in convincing an interlocutor of their great results during Deception compared to Truth. Deceptive behavior was also associated with increased physiological arousal (trough-to-peak; TTP) compared to truth-telling. Crucially, when faced with uncertainty, participants exhibited behavioral and physiological responses that fell in between those of Deception and Truth, self-enhancing their performance while retaining residual characteristics of deception at the implicit level. We propose that these results could be framed within a continuum between truth and deception, where uncertainty can give rise to a form of partial deception, allowing individuals to enhance their self-confidence while reducing the social and physiological drawbacks of lying.
- [Neuroscience and CSR: Using EEG for Assessing the Effectiveness of Branded Videos Related to Environmental Issues](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/neuroscience-and-csr-using-eeg-for-assessing-the-effectiveness-of-branded-videos-related-to-environmental-issues/): The majority of studies evaluating the effectiveness of branded CSR campaigns are concentrated and base their conclusions on data collection through self-reporting questionnaires. Although such studies provide insights for evaluating the effectiveness of CSR communication methods, analysing the message that is communicated, the communication channel used and the explicit brain responses of those for whom the message is intended, they lack the ability to fully encapsulate the problem of communicating environmental messages by not taking into consideration what the recipients’ implicit brain reactions are presenting. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of CSR video communications relating to environmental issues through the lens of the recipients’ implicit self, by employing neuroscience-based assessments. For the examination of implicit brain perception, an electroencephalogram (EEG) was used, and the collected data was analysed through three indicators identified as the most influential indicators on human behaviour. These three indicators are emotional valence, the level of brain engagement and cognitive load. The study is conducted on individuals from the millennial generation in Thessaloniki, Greece, whose implicit brain responses to seven branded commercial videos are recorded. The seven videos were a part of CSR campaigns addressing environmental issues. Simultaneously, the self-reporting results from the participants were gathered for a comparison between the explicit and implicit brain responses. One of the key findings of the study is that the explicit and implicit brain responses differ to the extent that the CSR video communications’ brain friendliness has to be taken into account in the future, to ensure success. The results of the study provide an insight for the future creation process, conceptualisation, design and content of the effective CSR communication, in regard to environmental issues.
- [An Interdisciplinary and Integrated Methodological Framework to Analyze Aesthetic Experience in Music Performances](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/an-interdisciplinary-and-integratedmethodological-framework-toanalyze-aesthetic-experiencein-music-performances/): AbstractObjective: Investigations of aesthetic experience have continually searched for field-research methodologies that measure physiological and self-report responses reliably and with little invasiveness. On this background, the interdisciplinary research project “ECR–Experimental Concert Research” set out to study aesthetic experience in live public concerts.Methods: A team of scientists from musicology, psychology, cultural studies, and software engineering were brought together to cooperate in this project. Here we describe the methodology, design, and infrastructure to enable this endeavor, realized in 3 pilot concerts and 11 final concerts, with approximately 900 participants. The technical setup involved the physiological measurements of electrodermal, cardiac, and respiratory activity; facial expressions; and motion capture. Before and after concerts, participants provided sociological information and experiential assessments of the musical performance, including an automated stimulated-recall rating of selected musical segments. Results: The implementation of the methodological framework in the field generated an integrated dataset of high quality and ecological validity. We present the merits and challenges of this framework.
- [How do attention and emotion drive donations in charitable crowdfunding? An empirical study of users’ cognitive and physiological responses to image content](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/how-do-attention-and-emotion-drive-donations-in-charitable-crowdfunding-an-empirical-study-of-users-cognitive-and-physiological-responses-to-image-content/): Abstract: This study investigates the attentional and emotional impact of different image types in medical crowdfunding campaigns, and how these images impact donations. Building on signaling theory and evolutionary explanations for the drivers of altruism, we hypothesized that donors will be more likely to support campaigns with images that depict illness than campaigns with images that do not, and that donors will be more likely to support campaigns with images that depict groups than campaigns with images that depict individuals. We performed an online experiment and a laboratory experiment to test these hypotheses. The results support the hypotheses. Further, consistent with our evolutionary explanations of altruism, we find that images that depict illness receive more immediate attention and arousal than other images, and images that depict multiple individuals receive more total attention than images of individuals. These findings provide valuable insights to help understand how visual information in medical crowdfunding triggers the prioritization of specific fundraisers among potential donors.
- [Evaluating WELL-Informed Biophilic Façades in Automated Retail Environments: A Multimodal Eye-Tracking and Facial Expression Analysis](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/evaluating-well-informed-biophilic-facades-in-automated-retail-environments-a-multimodal-eye-tracking-and-facial-expression-analysis/): Global urbanization redirects attention toward the sensory quality of the built environment as a decisive factor in public health and psychological resilience. In automated retail, façades function as sensory interfaces to mitigate the psychological alienation and sensory deprivation inherent in automated nodes. This preliminary study proposes and empirically validates a multimodal evaluation framework for assessing WELL-informed, AI-generated biophilic façade designs in automated retail contexts. Grounded in Environment-Based Design (EBD) theory, the framework systematically integrates health-oriented design logic with generative AI–based façade synthesis and multimodal human-response evaluation. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, this study pursued three specific objectives: (1) to utilize a curated series of architectural façade variations with calibrated biophilic complexity derived from an environment-based AI generative framework, as experimental stimuli, (2) to quantify subconscious responses represented by gaze patterns and behavioral indicators elicited by these configurations, and (3) to analyze the correlation and potential divergence between implicit physiological responses and explicit conscious aesthetic appraisals. The multimodal experiment involving 30 participants integrated eye-tracking, facial expression analysis, and Semantic Differential (SD) scales. Area of Interest (AOI)-based visual attention analysis indicated that biophilic complexity, particularly the integration of organic patterns and natural materials, significantly enhanced subconscious visual interest and sustained engagement within specific design zones. The findings unveiled a complexity–aesthetic paradox where subconscious physiological and behavioral indicators exhibited peak engagement with high-complexity patterns while conscious aesthetic preference favored material-driven structural clarity. Statistical verification via repeated measures correlation analysis revealed a lack of significant linear association between instinctive physiological engagement and explicit aesthetic appraisal, highlighting a notable divergence between implicit and explicit responses. In conclusion, grounded in an EBD–driven evaluation framework, this research establishes a systematic evaluation methodology for health-conscious design, recommending a material-first strategy with pattern as an enhancement to align subconscious fascination with psychological comfort.
- [A Cross-Corpus Evaluation on Spontaneous and Dynamic Facial Expressions for Automated Emotion Classification](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/a-cross-corpus-evaluation-on-spontaneous-and-dynamic-facial-expressions-for-automated-emotion-classification/): Abstract: The growing availability of facial expression databases (FEDBs) has accelerated the development of empathic AI systems designed to promote emotional awareness and well-being. However, most existing systems are trained solely on posed (acted), static databases featuring exaggerated and stereotypical displays. Such portrayals may not accurately represent the real-world expressions that are often subtle, heterogeneous, and ambiguous, raising concerns about the performance of these AI systems in inferring human emotions. Furthermore, the lack of cross-database evaluation has limited assessments of how well these systems generalize to diverse facial behaviors. To address these gaps, the present study evaluates five spontaneous and dynamic databases that provide more ecologically valid representations of affective responses observed in everyday life. We assessed the performance of a widely adopted affective computing system, AFFDEX (v1.0; iMotions, Copenhagen, Denmark), to examine how basic emotions are inferred from spontaneous facial movements. Results reveal substantial variability in decoding accuracy across emotion categories, database contexts, and demographic factors. Prototypical and complex expressions were decoded more accurately than subtle or heterogeneous ones, while ambiguous expressions that blend multiple affective signals impaired machine predictions. Together, these findings underscore the crucial need to train and validate affective computing systems using diverse FEDBs that encompass a wider spectrum of behaviors to improve robustness and real-world generalizability.
- [The carousel effect: leveraging sideways swiping for enhanced ad effectiveness in social media](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/the-carousel-effect-leveraging-sideways-swiping-for-enhanced-ad-effectiveness-in-social-media/): Carousel ads introduce a unique interactive element to in-feed social media advertising by prompting consumers to swipe sideways. Four studies offer novel insights into the “carousel effect” that results from the interactivity and multi-card structure of carousel ads. An exploratory investigation of how consumers perceive and experience carousel ads reveals four experiential themes: curiosity, convenience, perceived control, and immersion. A real-world, mobile eye-tracking study further shows that activated carousel ads significantly increase attention and brand recall compared with other advertising formats, and longer carousel ads enhance attention further. Two additional studies demonstrate that brand attitude drives carousel ad activation, such that consumers are more likely to interact with carousel ads from strong brands. These findings extend perceived control and attitude–behavior consistency theories by identifying psychological mechanisms that underlie the effectiveness of carousel ads. They also offer actionable guidance for marketers seeking to improve the effectiveness of their advertising.
- [Examining Links Between Music-Induced Physiological Response, Active Engagement with Music, and Musical Competence](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/examining-links-between-music-induced-physiological-response-active-engagement-with-music-and-musical-competence/): The present study investigated the links between music-induced physiological response and active engagement with music to understand individual differences in musical competence. Building on McPherson and Williamon's differentiated model of musical giftedness and talent as the theoretical foundation, the study treated individuals’ music-induced physiological response as an indicator of natural abilities. Active engagement with music represented the developmental process, while musical competence reflected individuals’ ability to perceive, remember, and distinguish musical rhythms and melodies. The sample included 203 adults. Music-induced physiological response was measured using event-related skin conductance responses. Active engagement was evaluated through self-reports of musical behaviors, including music listening, music instrument playing, and music training. Musical competence was assessed using computerized adaptive tests of musical listening. Correlation and path analyses revealed a link between music-induced physiological response and music listening, but not with music instrument playing or music training. In addition, the self-reported musical behaviors were interconnected. Finally, music instrument playing and music training were linked to musical competence. The findings suggested that individuals’ music-induced physiological response can influence music-listening behaviors, which in turn are related to music instrument playing and music training. Moreover, the results indicated that playing a musical instrument and receiving music training contribute to higher musical competence.
- [Children’s affect: Automated coding, context effects, relations with maternal affect, and heritability](https://imotions.com/blog/childrens-affect-automated-coding-context-effects-relations-with-maternal-affect-and-heritability/): This study examined genetic and environmental influences on twins’ and parents’ positive and negative affect during a parent–child conflict discussion and a positive discussion, captured by automated facial coding. Associations with internalizing, externalizing, and ADHD symptoms were examined. Twins (N = 560 50.94%; female; Mage = 9.72, SD = .94; data collected 2017–2020) and parents (N = 302; 583 videos) were from socioeconomically diverse families, and primarily White (57.07%) or Hispanic (26.78%). Child and parent positive affect were influenced by the shared and nonshared environment and child negative affect was heritable, with similar etiology across tasks. Only child positive affect during the conflict discussion consistently related to lower internalizing, externalizing, and ADHD symptoms (R2: 1.3%–3.6% of variance). Findings support positive affect under stress as an environmentally influenced resilience factor.
- [Discrepancies between feeling and expressing: Perceptions of autistic and non-autistic emotional expressions by non-autistic observers](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/discrepancies-between-feeling-and-expressing-perceptions-of-autistic-and-non-autistic-emotional-expressions-by-non-autistic-observers/): Non-autistic observers often interpret autistic emotional expressions more negatively, though it is unclear whether this reflects observer bias or genuine differences in autistic people’s emotional experience and expression. To examine this, 20 autistic and 20 non-autistic adults reported the intensity of their felt emotion while re-experiencing video-recorded events eliciting mild and strong happiness, sadness, and anger. A total of 379 non-autistic observers, half blind to diagnostic status, viewed the recordings and identified the emotion and its intensity. iMotions emotion recognition software also classified the emotional valence of the expressions. Overall, autistic and non-autistic participants reported comparable levels of felt emotion, although differences emerged in how their expressions were perceived. Observers more accurately identified happiness in non-autistic participants and sadness and anger in autistic participants. They also judged autistic participants as expressing sadness and anger more intensely. Informing observers of the diagnostic status of participants largely did not modulate effects. iMotions more often classified mild autistic expressions as neutral and mild non-autistic expressions as positive. Because observer and iMotion findings emerged despite autistic and non-autistic participants not differing in felt emotion, they suggest that non-autistic observers and emotion recognition algorithms differentially interpret authentic autistic and non-autistic emotional expressions, which may contribute to misinterpretations of autistic people.
- [User Interaction with Digital Twins for Driving: How Comparable Are Simulated and Real Trajectories?](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/user-interaction-with-digital-twins-for-driving-how-comparable-are-simulated-and-real-trajectories/): This paper investigates the physiological responses of individuals driving both on a real route and within a vehicle simulator designed as a digital twin of that route. The analysis of observed data patterns in stress response bio signals provides sufficient evidence of similarity to validating the driving simulation digital twin as a reliable replacement for real-world experiences in controlled and consistent settings, or when overall trends of physiological variables, rather than specific variable levels, are of interest. The findings also stress the need for optimizing the precision of digital twins in complex settings. This study introduces a time-series-based validation approach for driving digital twins by comparing continuous physiological trajectories between real and simulated driving.
- [Voters’ Facial Expression Analysis as a Complement to Traditional Election Polls: Affective Voting in Spanish National Elections in 2023](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/voters-facial-expression-analysis-as-a-complement-to-traditional-election-polls-affective-voting-in-spanish-national-elections-in-2023/): Abstract:
- [Comparison of cognitive workload between very short answer questions and multiple-choice questions: an eye-tracking experiment](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/comparison-of-cognitive-workload-between-very-short-answer-questions-and-multiple-choice-questions-an-eye-tracking-experiment/): Abstract: Very short answer questions (VSAQs) have gained attention for their superior psychometric properties compared to multiple-choice questions (MCQs). While VSAQs require knowledge recall, MCQs primarily involve knowledge recognition. This difference in cognitive processes may lead to varying cognitive workloads, defined as the amount of mental processing in working memory. Previous studies have not demonstrated consistent differences, likely due to reliance on self-reported measures. Eye tracking provides objective, process-level indicators of cognitive workload. This study investigated whether answering VSAQs requires a higher cognitive workload than answering MCQs. In a within-subject randomized crossover experiment, sixth-year medical students answered both VSAQs and MCQs. Cognitive workload was measured using screen-based eye tracking, focusing on the number of fixations and revisitations as objective indicators of mental effort. Data were analyzed using mixed-effects models. Thirty-four medical students participated, yielding 1,326 observations, which is the multiplication of the number of students by the number of questions (39 questions). Mixed-effects models showed a significant effect of question type on both workload indicators: VSAQs elicited more fixations and revisitations than MCQs (β_std = 0.30–0.39, p < .001). This effect remained after controlling for accuracy. Incorrect answers were associated with higher workload (β_std = −0.15–−0.16, p < .01). Heatmaps confirmed these findings, showing denser fixations on key diagnostic features for VSAQs and on answer options for MCQs. Answering VSAQs imposed a higher cognitive workload than MCQs. The presence of answer options in MCQs may reduce workload by providing unintentional cues, while VSAQs require active retrieval. Eye tracking proved valuable for distinguishing cognitive workload across assessment formats.
- [Confronted with mathematics: the impact of pre-service elementary school teachers’ self-concept on emotional and physiological responses to mathematics exposure](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/confronted-with-mathematics-the-impact-of-pre-service-elementary-school-teachers-self-concept-on-emotional-and-physiological-responses-to-mathematics-exposure/): Abstract: This study employed a situated approach to evaluate how female pre-service elementary school teachers’ mathematics self-concept impacts their emotional and physiological responses when confronted with mathematics tasks. We assessed participants’ (N=70, Mage = 20.6 years) self-concept before inviting them into the laboratory, where they solved arithmetic pattern tasks. We recorded their psychophysiological arousal via skin conductance response (SCR), heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV), and assessed their situated emotional experience using self-report during task performance. We hypothesized linear associations between self-concept and subjective emotional valence (more pleasant with higher self-concept), and curvilinear associations between self-concept and psychophysiological arousal (higher arousal with both low and high self-concept). As predicted, higher self-concept was associated with elevated pleasant and reduced unpleasant emotional experience, even when controlling for task performance. For SCR, we found evidence for the proposed curvilinear relationship between self-concept and physiological arousal, while HR was unrelated to self-concept, and HRV showed a predominantly negative linear relationship with self-concept. Our findings imply pleasant engagement (positive emotion, high arousal) when mathematics self-concept is high and aversive disengagement (negative emotion, dampened arousal) when mathematics self-concept is low during a relatively low-stakes mathematics task exposure. Our findings highlight the predictive role of self-concept for situated emotional experiences and imply that university teacher education should provide emotionally pleasant, success-promising situations for pre-service elementary school teachers to (re-)build a healthy mathematics self-concept to thrive as students, and later, become effective educators.
- [Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Reduces Symptom Severity and Normalizes Neurophysiological and Attentional Reactivity in Anorexia Nervosa: A Randomized Controlled Trial](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-reduces-symptom-severity-and-normalizes-neurophysiological-and-attentional-reactivity-in-anorexia-nervosa-a-randomized-controlled-trial/): Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder marked by restrictive eating, distorted body image, and high relapse rates. While cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a widely used treatment, its mechanisms of action in AN remain incompletely understood, particularly beyond self-reported symptom change. This study investigated the effects of a 12-week CBT intervention on both clinical and multimodal laboratory-based outcomes in women with restrictive-type AN. Methods: In a two-arm, pre–post randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT07037017), 59 women with restrictive-type AN were randomized to a CBT intervention (n = 30) or no-treatment control (n = 29). A total of 50 participants (CBT: 26; control: 24) completed baseline and post-intervention assessments and were included in analyses. Outcomes included psychometric measures (eating disorder symptoms, depression, anxiety, body image-related obsessive–compulsive symptoms, and cognitive emotion regulation) and laboratory-based indices: electroencephalography (EEG), galvanic skin response (GSR), and eye-tracking during exposure to food- and body-related stimuli. Group × Time effects were analyzed using repeated-measures mixed-effects models, and statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS (Version 31; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Significant Group × Time interactions indicated greater improvements in the CBT group across all psychometric outcomes, including reduced eating disorder symptom severity (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.28) and increased adaptive emotion regulation. CBT participants also showed significant reductions in EEG P300 and late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes to body-related stimuli, increased frontal alpha asymmetry, decreased visual fixation on salient body and food cues, and attenuated GSR reactivity (all p < 0.05). Exploratory correlations revealed that symptom improvements were associated with reductions in neurophysiological and attentional reactivity. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first RCT in AN to demonstrate that CBT not only improves self-reported outcomes but also modulates neurophysiological and attentional processes implicated in the maintenance of the disorder. Multimodal laboratory assessments provided mechanistic insight into treatment effects and may inform personalized intervention strategies. CBT appears to facilitate recovery through both cognitive–emotional and physiological recalibration.
- [Poker face and steady voice: Gender and reactions to emotional neutrality in crowdfunding](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/poker-face-and-steady-voice-gender-and-reactions-to-emotional-neutrality-in-crowdfunding/): While emotional neutrality (e.g., maintaining a neutral face, speaking with a calm voice) can help entrepreneurs project a sought-after image of rationality, the effectiveness of such displays is context-dependent and gendered. In the emotionally resonant world of crowdfunding, the value of neutrality is ambiguous, as it may conflict with audience expectations of expressiveness. Building on the Emotions as Social Information (EASI) model, we argue that equivalent neutral cues from men and women are evaluated differently. Using pre-trained machine-learning algorithms to extract facial and vocal features from 548 crowdfunding videos, we examine how neutrality in pitches relates to funding success. We find that a neutral facial expression (“poker face”) is penalized for women but has no discernible effect for men. In contrast, a neutral vocal tone lowers success for both sexes; however, further analysis reveals this penalty is concentrated in male-typed categories (e.g., technology, design) and largely absent in female-typed categories (e.g., fashion, craft). Our findings highlight that crowdfunding backers interpret emotional neutrality through the combined lens of gender and pitch context, which may create biases in entrepreneurial evaluation.
- [Real-time Facial Communication Restores Cooperation After Defection in Social Dilemmas](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/real-time-facial-communication-restores-cooperation-after-defection-in-social-dilemmas/): Facial expressions are central to human interaction, yet their role in strategic decision-making has received limited attention. We investigate how real-time facial communication influences cooperation in repeated social dilemmas. In a laboratory experiment, participants play a repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma game under two conditions: in one, they observe their counterpart’s facial expressions via genderneutral avatars, and in the other no facial cues are available. Using state-of-the-art biometric technology to capture and display emotions in real-time, we find that facial communication significantly increases overall cooperation and, notably, promotes cooperation following defection. This restorative effect suggests that facial expressions help participants interpret defections less harshly, fostering forgiveness and the resumption of cooperation. While past actions remain the strongest predictor of behavior, our f indings highlight the communicative power of facial expressions in shaping strategic outcomes. These results offer practical insights for designing emotionally responsive virtual agents and digital platforms that sustain cooperation in the absence of physical presence.
- [Wired for Performance: Using Wearable Physiological Sensors to Decode Cognitive Load in Healthcare Simulation](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/wired-for-performance-using-wearable-physiological-sensors-to-decode-cognitive-load-in-healthcare-simulation/): This article explores the feasibility of integrating wearable physiological sensors into high-fidelity healthcare simulation to monitor cognitive load and fatigue. Using electrocardiogram (ECG) and galvanic skin response (GSR) sensors, we captured real-time physiological data from nursing students engaged in both virtual and manikin-based simulation scenarios. Signal processing confirmed data quality, and preliminary findings demonstrated that wearable physiological sensors can detect fluctuations in sympathetic nervous system activity related to task complexity and simulation demands. The results affirm the practicality of using wearable sensors in simulation operations and support their potential to enhance learner assessment, optimize scenario design, and advance research on stress and performance in healthcare education. This pilot project underscores wearable physiological sensors as a feasible and valuable tool for decoding human responses in complex training environments.
- [Websites accessibility assessment of voivodeship cities in Poland](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/websites-accessibility-assessment-of-voivodeship-cities-in-poland/): The aim of this study is to assess the accessibility of the websites of provincial capitals in Poland. The experiment consisted of an automated survey using five tools and an eye-tracking experiment with 15 participants. Analysis of the resultsshowed that sites with elements without contrast errors are easier to locate, which translates into shorter time to first fixation, and the lowest time to first fixation was obtained by sites with tiled menus. In contrast, it is not possible toidentify the best site from the results obtained. Each of the automatic tools evaluates the site according to its own established criteria. In contrast, the eye-tracking experiment carried out examined a small proportion of entire websites. Creating websites that comply with accessibility standards is key.
- [Even Better than the Real Thing: How Imperfection Shapes Trust and Engagement with Digital Humans](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/even-better-than-the-real-thing-how-imperfection-shapes-trust-and-engagement-with-digital-humans/): This study challenges the assumption that more realism in digital humans always leads to greater trust and engagement. Using eye-tracking and postexposure surveys, we compared viewer responses to three video presenters: a highly realistic digital human, a real human, and an imperfect altered human, represented by a real presenter altered to have unblinking eye contact. While participants rarely noticed visual imperfections consciously, the human with subtle flaws led to significantly greater trust and willingness to pay. The imperfect video outperformed the fully realistic, unaltered human video, suggesting that perfect realism may not always be best. These findings offer important implications for the design of AI-driven digital humans, highlighting that strategic imperfection can enhance authenticity, trust, and engagement in customer interactions. Moreover, the results contribute new empirical insights into the Uncanny Valley theory, suggesting that user affinity and trust may peak not at perfect realism, but can peak at a point just prior to the full realism.
- [Brain Interfacing, as a Key for Improving Human–technology Integration, Cases and Implementations](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/brain-interfacing-as-a-key-for-improving-human-technology-integration-cases-and-implementations/): The rapid evolution of global interconnection systems has catalyzed a paradigm shift in which the convergence of human cognition and technology is no longer a distant vision, but a tangible research priority. This integration offers unprecedented opportunities to enhance human comfort, extend capabilities, and improve safety in daily life. While current electroencephalogram (EEG) hardware presents ergonomic challenges regarding portability and user comfort, the methodologies for signal acquisition and processing have advanced sufficiently to model robust applications today, paving the way for the miniaturized devices of tomorrow. With this perspective, this chapter explores three critical research avenues illustrating how brain monitoring can redefine Human-Machine Interaction (HMI) with minimal intrusion. First, we examine the origins and applications of Advanced Driver Monitoring for Assistance Systems (ADMAS), analyzing how neuro-sensing can mitigate accidents by detecting driver fatigue and distraction. Second, the chapter addresses Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) through the lens of “Emotional Domotics” (ED), proposing responsive environments that dynamically adapt to the user’s affective state in real-time to maximize psychological well-being. Third, we present assistive systems designed for the elderly, specifically focusing on continuous monitoring and active support mechanisms during progressive stages of cognitive decline. By detailing the theoretical foundations and reported case studies of these lines, this work demonstrates that despite current hardware limitations, intelligent signal processing can create a symbiotic relationship between humans and technology. Ultimately, this chapter provides a roadmap for developing future neuro-technological tools that are not only functional but also deeply empathetic to the complexities of human experience.
- [Developing an AI-driven multimodal approach to visualising resilient team performance: joint attentional engagement with gaze and speech in simulated emergency scenarios](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/developing-an-ai-driven-multimodal-approach-to-visualising-resilient-team-performance-joint-attentional-engagement-with-gaze-and-speech-in-simulated-emergency-scenarios/): Introduction Healthcare team performance directly impacts the quality and safety of medical care. However, measuring the performance of teams is challenging and requires methodologies to investigate different contributing elements. This study proposes an AI(artificial intelligence)-driven multimodal approach to visualising gaze (ie, joint visual attention) and speech in medical team performance and examines how these might differ across medical expertise, using eye-trackers and our own automatic gaze annotation programme.
- [Eye Tracking Characterization of Algebraic Fraction Simplifications](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/eye-tracking-characterization-of-algebraic-fraction-simplifications/): Several major studies require that students understand and master the concepts and procedures of mathematics. More specifically, an area of mathematics such as algebra requires students to be able to simplify, operate with, or solve fractions. Many students entering university show numerous shortcomings and errors, especially when simplifying algebraic fractions. This is why we conducted a study using eye-tracking techniques to better understand how students process these types of exercises in attentional terms, comparing students who can handle them successfully against those who show errors in their procedures. For this purpose, we evaluated the eye movements of 64 students from different university majors to characterize the attentional–visual strategies they use to simplify four different algebraic fraction exercises. We found that each type of simplification exercise needs a specific strategy where some parts of the rational algebraic expressions are cognitively relevant. Students with correct answers tend to allocate attention to these elements. Students with incorrect answers tend to find similar expressions with the intention to cancel them out, without applying any metacognitive thinking. The rational algebraic expression needs to be taught in a more conceptual manner than procedural.
- [What Are You Gazing At? An Approach to Use Eye-Tracking for Robotic Process Automation](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/what-are-you-gazing-at-an-approach-to-use-eye-tracking-for-robotic-process-automation/): User Interface (UI) logs are crucial in capturing and analyzing user behavior, enabling a comprehensive understanding of business processes and eventual process automation with Robotic Process Automation (RPA). However, extracting meaningful insights from UI logs becomes challenging, especially when dealing with complex and information-dense graphical user interfaces. This paper presents a novel approach that leverages eye-tracking technology to address this challenge. The proposed solution incorporates gaze fixation (i.e., where the user pays attention to the user interfaces) into the UI log, which is then used to filter irrelevant information from it. Two gaze-based filtering methods are presented and evaluated using synthetic and real-life screenshots. Preliminary results demonstrate that the method effectively reduces the irrelevant UI elements by an average of 76% while keeping meaningful information on the screen.
- [Evaluation of Visual Behavior and Consumer Preferences of Zamorano Brand Cold Cuts in Tegucigalpa, Honduras](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/evaluation-of-visual-behavior-and-consumer-preferences-of-zamorano-brand-cold-cuts-in-tegucigalpa-honduras/): The decline in sales of Zamorano cold cuts in supermarkets in Tegucigalpa highlighted the need to evaluate factors that could be affecting their positioning. The purpose of this study was to identify which label attracts the most visual attention from consumers, determining areas for improvement and analyzing the factors that influence purchasing decisions. The research was conducted in the Más x Menos, La Colonia No. 1, and No. 10 supermarkets, using eye-tracking technology with iMotions software. Metrics such as the number of revisits and time spent per area of interest were recorded. In addition, emotions were measured using facial recognition, and a structured survey with Likert and ordinal scales was administered. The results revealed that the label prototype stood out for its greater visual appeal, allowing consumers to better visualize its characteristics. However, it generated negative emotions associated with the label's design and information. Improvements were identified in the visibility of the “Learn by Doing” seal and the size of the brand. It was also determined that taste, quality, and safety are the main drivers in the purchase decision, with greater weight than the brand, packaging design, and price.
- [AI for Learners’ Emotions — A Perspective Approach of Analysis During Online Assessments](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/ai-for-learners-emotions-a-perspective-approach-of-analysis-during-online-assessments/): Distance learning and assessment through online platforms have emerged as a complementary approach to traditional classroom-based activities in the contemporary educational landscape. These platforms add significant value to conventional learning and evaluation methods by offering flexibility and accessibility. The increasing demand for intelligent online platforms has led to the integration of innovative techniques such as artificial intelligence (AI), computer vision, and deep neural networks for different classifications. However, online assessments pose several challenges, including the absence of physical invigilator presence, limited face-to-face instructions about the examinations, and issues related to student engagement and motivation. AI tools have enabled the creation of sophisticated models that can track student's emotions throughout the assessment period, particularly using computer vision and natural language processing.
- [Eyes on Prevention: An Eye-Tracking Analysis of Visual Attention Patterns in Breast Cancer Screening Ads](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/eyes-on-prevention-an-eye-tracking-analysis-of-visual-attention-patterns-in-breast-cancer-screening-ads/): Strong communication is central to the translation of breast cancer screening availability into uptake. This experiment tests the role of design features of screening advertisements in directing visual attention in screening-eligible women (≥40 years). To this end, a within-subjects eye-tracking experiment (N = 30) was conducted in which women viewed six static public service advertisements. Predefined Areas of Interest (AOIs), Text, Image/Visual, Symbol, Logo, Website/CTA, and Source/Authority—were annotated, and three standard measures were calculated: Time to First Fixation (TTFF), Fixation Count (FC), and Fixation Duration (FD). Analyses combined descriptive summaries with subgroup analyses using nonparametric methods and generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) employing participant-level random intercepts. Within each category of stimuli, detected differences were small in magnitude yet trended towards few revisits in each category for the FC mode; TTFF and FD showed no significant differences across categories. Viewing data from the perspective of Areas of Interest (AOIs) highlighted pronounced individual differences. Narratives/efficacy text and dense icon/text callouts prolonged processing times, although institutional logos and abstract/anatomical symbols generally received brief treatment except when coupled with action-oriented communication triggers. TTFF timing also tended toward individual areas of interest aligned with the Scan-Then-Read strategy, in which smaller labels/sources/CTAs are exploited first in comparison with larger headlines/statistical text. Practically, screening messages should co-locate access and credibility information in early-attention areas and employ brief, fluent efficacy text to hold gaze. The study adds PSA-specific eye-tracking evidence for breast cancer screening and provides immediately testable design recommendations for programs in Greece and the EU.
- [The Influence of Conscientiousness and Context on the Emotional Response during Understanding](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/the-influence-of-conscientiousness-and-context-on-the-emotional-response-during-understanding/): In this exploratory study, we use a logistic multilevel model to examine the interplay between personality, emotions, and understanding. The impact of Conscientiousness, a Big Five Personality trait, on emotional responses during riddle-solving attempts was investigated in 101 participants, who each tackled 15 riddles remotely via Zoom. Video recordings were analyzed using iMotions with AFFDEX to identify the emotion type (positive, negative, and epistemic) experienced during the riddle-solving (understanding) process. The study revealed significant effects of both positive and negative emotions on understanding scores. Upon examining cross-level interactions, the effect of trait Conscientiousness on the association between emotion type and understanding scores was not significant. Our random intercepts model appeared to provide the most satisfactory explanation for our exploratory findings. Further, the model demonstrated good discrimination ability, as evidenced by our area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Our results highlight the fundamental role of context, specifically the individual's perceived value of a learning activity and the nature of their understanding—emergent or established—in shaping the emotions evoked during the process of understanding. For future endeavors, we recommend a concentrated focus on the complex interplay between personality, emotions, and understanding, especially when understanding is in its emergent phase and the task employed for measurement provokes emotional investment.
- [Measuring Mental Effort in Real Time Using Pupillometry](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/measuring-mental-effort-in-real-time-using-pupillometry/): Mental effort, a critical factor influencing task performance, is often difficult to measure accurately and efficiently. Pupil diameter has emerged as a reliable, real-time indicator of mental effort. This study introduces RIPA2, an enhanced pupillometric index for real-time mental effort assessment. Building on the original RIPA method, RIPA2 incorporates refined Savitzky–Golay filter parameters to better isolate pupil diameter fluctuations within biologically relevant frequency bands linked to cognitive load. We validated RIPA2 across two distinct tasks: a structured N-back memory task and a naturalistic information search task involving fact-checking and decision-making scenarios. Our findings show that RIPA2 reliably tracks variations in mental effort, demonstrating improved sensitivity and consistency over the original RIPA and strong alignment with the established offline measures of pupil-based cognitive load indices, such as LHIPA. Notably, RIPA2 captured increased mental effort at higher N-back levels and successfully distinguished greater effort during decision-making tasks compared to fact-checking tasks, highlighting its applicability to real-world cognitive demands. These findings suggest that RIPA2 provides a robust, continuous, and low-latency method for assessing mental effort. It holds strong potential for broader use in educational settings, medical environments, workplaces, and adaptive user interfaces, facilitating objective monitoring of mental effort beyond laboratory conditions.
- [Exploring the Impact of Message Framing on Donation Behavior Through Emotions in Sport CSR: The Moderating Roles of Perceived CSR Motives and Team Identification Through Biometric Facial Expression Analysis](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/exploring-the-impact-of-message-framing-on-donation-behavior-through-emotions-in-sport-csr-the-moderating-roles-of-perceived-csr-motives-and-team-identification-through-biometric-facial-expression-an/): Despite extensive research on corporate social responsibility (CSR), the effects of message framing within sport CSR remain unexplored. This study bridges this gap by examining how message framing impacts donation behavior through emotions, using advanced biometric facial expression analysis. Results indicate that negatively framed messages, which evoke sadness, lead to higher donation amounts than that of positive emotions. Additionally, perceived CSR motives and team identification moderated these effects. CSR motives perceived as public-serving were more effective, especially when they evoked sadness. In contrast, when CSR motives were perceived as self-serving, a significant positive relationship between negative emotions and donation was found only among individuals with high team identification. By understanding the emotional mechanisms at play and considering factors such as perceived CSR motives and team identification, charitable organizations can design more effective fundraising campaigns that resonate with donors and inspire greater generosity within sport context.
- [Deciphering Trust: Multi-Modal Affective Analysis in Dynamic Decision-Making Games](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/deciphering-trust-multi-modal-affective-analysis-in-dynamic-decision-making-games/): Investigating how trust is built and maintained is especially important as technological advances make scam and fraud easier and quicker to enact. Fields such as neuroeconomics, psychology, and computer science have devoted considerable attention to the roles that emotional expression possess in determining decision making, with many studies utilizing paradigms including trust games, negotiation games, and dilemma games to model real-world decision-making processes. Current research on player behavior and decision making typically isolates specific aspects, such as acts of betrayal by a trustee or the influence of emotional facial expressions. In contrast, the paper herein describes a study that comprehensively examines both elements while incorporating automatic facial analysis, adding a source of multimodal affective data. This technology, which allows for real-time, objective, and non-intrusive data collection, has been piloted in a dynamic dyadic trust game environment. The following study builds a task framework based on current theories that inform the role of facial expression in decision-making, current models that guide predictive decision making, and the role that automatic facial analysis plays within the aforementioned. We implement that framework to conduct a pilot study investigating human behavioral responses to affective expressions applied to a digital agent.
- [Detecting Deepfakes Through Emotion?: Facial Expression and Emotional Contagion as Dual Indicators of Deepfake Credibility](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/detecting-deepfakes-through-emotion-facial-expression-and-emotional-contagion-as-dual-indicators-of-deepfake-credibility/): This study examines the differences in emotional expressions between face-swap deepfake videos featuring real human subjects and their authentic counterparts and investigates how these discrepancies influence viewers' emotional reactions and perceptions of video credibility. Using a two-step approach, we first applied computer-based facial expression analysis to compare emotional displays between deepfake and authentic videos. Next, guided by emotional contagion and emotion-as-informationframeworks, we conducted an audience response analysis to assess how displayed emotions in the two types of videos transfer to viewers' emotional experiences and their subsequent assessments of the videos. Results indicate that deepfakes generally exhibit lower overall and negative emotions compared to authentic counterparts. Notably, audiences' reduced emotional responses to deepfakes were associated with higher perceived credibility. These findings underscore the importance of emotion-based signals for detecting fabricated videos and highlight the relationship between viewers' emotional responses and their perceived trust in AI-generated content.
- [The ‘Live’ Gaze: A Neuromarketing and Eye-Tracking Analysis of Consumer Attention and Impulse Buying on Shopee Live and TikTok Shop in Indonesia](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/the-live-gaze-a-neuromarketing-and-eye-tracking-analysis-of-consumer-attention-and-impulse-buying-on-shopee-live-and-tiktok-shop-in-indonesia/): Livestream commerce (LSC) has redefined digital retail in Southeast Asia, with Indonesia as its most competitive market. The two dominant platforms, Shopee Live and TikTok Shop, leverage vastly different user interfaces and engagement philosophies—commerce-first versus contentfirst, respectively. However, the precise cognitive and affective mechanisms by which these platforms guide consumer attention and trigger impulse purchases remain empirically unexamined. This study employed a within-subjects laboratory experiment with 60 Indonesian consumers (aged 18-25). A multi-modal neuromarketing approach was used, synchronizing eye-tracking (ET) and electroencephalography (EEG) data. Participants viewed six 60-second LSC clips (three from Shopee Live, three from TikTok Shop) matched for product category. Key eye-tracking metrics (Total Fixation Duration, Time to First Fixation) were analyzed across predefined Areas of Interest (AOIs: Host Face, Product, Price, CTA Button, Chat). EEG data was processed to derive Frontal Alpha Asymmetry (FAA) for approach-avoidance motivation and Cognitive Load indices. Post-stimulus surveys measured Impulse Buying Urge (IBU). Significant differences emerged. Shopee Live generated longer Total Fixation Duration on the Host’s Face (M=12,500ms) and Price/Discount AOIs (M=8,800ms). Conversely, TikTok Shop elicited significantly faster Time to First Fixation on the Product (M=1,600ms) and CTA Button (M=2,800ms), and higher TFD on these AOIs. Neurologically, TikTok Shop produced significantly greater FAA (M=0.19 vs. 0.08), indicating higher approach motivation, and also induced a higher cognitive load. A multiple regression analysis revealed that the strongest predictors of IBU were TFD on the CTA Button, FAA, and TFD on the Host’s Face. TFD on the product itself was not a significant predictor. In conclusion, the findings demonstrate that platform architecture fundamentally shapes the "live" gaze. Shopee Live fosters a deliberative, host-centric, and price-evaluative attentional strategy. TikTok Shop promotes a rapid, immersive, and conversion-focused gaze, driving higher affective engagement (approach) and subsequent impulse buying. The study provides novel evidence that in LSC, impulse triggers are tied more to conversion-point (CTA) and parasocial (Host) cues than to the product itself.
- [Comparing cognitive load during video versus traditional classroom instruction based on heart rate variability measures](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/comparing-cognitive-load-during-video-versus-traditional-classroom-instruction-based-on-heart-rate-variability-measures/): This pilot study used heart rate variability (HRV) as an indicator of cognitive load to examine student engagement in the learning process. We investigated the dynamics of students' (N = 45, paired sample) cognitive load in classes with and without video tutorials and compared differences in cognitive load between development phases of lessons where students are acquiring new knowledge. The results of the study show that the average cognitive load of students is higher when using video tutorials than in classrooms without them. From the students' behavior, we can see that when using video tutorials, students frequently adjust their viewing strategies or take notes. In classrooms without videos, students are more easily distracted. This means that students mobilized more cognitive resources for effective learning while using video tutorials. In general, our results suggest that the use of video tutorials in the development phase of classroom can increase student effectiveness in learning new knowledge. This study provides new insights into the application of video tutorials as a form of computer-assisted instruction, highlighting the potential benefits of using dynamic cognitive load monitoring in real classroom environments.
- [Decoding consumer responses to anthropomorphic products using electroencephalography, skin conductance, and eye-tracking](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/decoding-consumer-responses-to-anthropomorphic-products-using-electroencephalography-skin-conductance-and-eye-tracking/): Anthropomorphic product design is often assumed to increase consumer engagement, but its neural mechanisms and boundary conditions remain underexplored. This study employed a multimodal neuroscientific approach—electroencephalography (EEG), galvanic skin response (GSR), and eye-tracking—to examine how anthropomorphized versus non-anthropomorphized products influence consumer responses. Forty-four young adults viewed AI-generated images of beverages, backpacks, and smartphones. While anthropomorphic cues did not increase overall arousal or approach motivation, striking gender- and context-specific patterns emerged. Female participants showed stronger frontal alpha asymmetry and longer visual attention toward anthropomorphized beverages and backpacks, but not smartphones. Both genders responded negatively to anthropomorphized smartphones, reflecting uncanny-valley effects in privacy-sensitive domains. These findings reveal that anthropomorphism's effectiveness hinges on product–consumer congruity, moderated by gender and category norms. The study advances affective design theory, extends uncanny-valley dynamics to marketing, and demonstrates the value of EEG–GSR–eye-tracking integration. Practically, it offers a replicable framework for identifying where anthropomorphism enhances—or harms—consumer engagement.
- [The Real Cost of the Trick Wording Deceptive Pattern: Time Lost, Minds Taxed](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/the-real-cost-of-the-trick-wording-deceptive-pattern-time-lost-minds-taxed/): With the increasing attention on Deceptive Patterns (DP) in the digital world, especially in the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), it is becoming more important to understand how Deceptive Patterns influence User Experience (UX). This research focuses on one specific DP, namely the obstruction pattern of "Trick Wording" which confuse the users by increasing the semantic complexity of sentences via the use of ambiguous language and multiple negations. Through the use of an eye-tracking technology in an experiment, we demonstrate how the presence of negations in text influence readability. We furthermore investigate possible relations between negations and cognitive load, fixations, and reading duration. The results show positive linear relations between all of the aforementioned variables, with the number of negations being a somewhat reliable predictor of cognitive load. There was a significant difference in cognitive load between questions that were correctly and incorrectly answered. This pilot study with a small sample size (n=20) lays a foundation for future research about the reading behaviour of users within HCI domain and challenges they face due to commonly used “trick wording” DP within web and mobile interfaces.
- [Minds at Work: A Design for an Experimental Approach to Assessing Cognitive Abilities in Construction](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/minds-at-work-a-design-for-an-experimental-approach-to-assessing-cognitive-abilities-in-construction/): The construction industry relies heavily on the cognitive abilities of its workforce to manage intricate tasks and ensure project success. Research indicates that when the cognitive demands of tasks outweigh workers’ cognitive capabilities, this imbalance can significantly compromise worker performance and safety. Consequently, it is crucial to understand workers’ cognitive capabilities and assign tasks accordingly. However, existing cognitive assessment techniques might be limited when applied in the construction context due to dynamic construction site conditions and the absence of task complexity considerations. To address these gaps, this research designed standardized experimental procedures for assessing construction professionals’ cognitive abilities and calibrating construction task complexity using a design of experiments approach. Four key cognitive abilities were assessed through a combination of cognitive tests and wearable sensors. Pilot testing demonstrated that the designed experimental procedures successfully captured participants’ cognitive states, stress levels, and performance across varying complexity levels. Performance scores peaked at moderate complexity, consistent with the inverted U hypothesis, while stress and cognitive load increased with task complexity. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) survey results supported this trend, with participants reporting increased mental and temporal demands, frustration, and effort as task complexity increased. These findings confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the designed dual-method procedure in construction-related cognitive assessment. This study advances knowledge by introducing the first construction-specific experimental protocol that integrates cognitive testing and sensor-based monitoring while accounting for task complexity. The proposed approach enables objective evaluation of cognitive fitness for construction roles, offering a foundation for practical applications in workforce planning, training, and safety management. Future work will involve deeper analysis of sensor-collected data to develop predictive models and scalable field applications.
- [Calorie labels on restaurant menus: What do consumers see, think, and decide? Eye-tracking and interview insights](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/calorie-labels-on-restaurant-menus-what-do-consumers-see-think-and-decide-eye-tracking-and-interview-insights/): This study explores consumers’ reactions and responses to calorie labelling of restaurant menus. A convenience sample of 36 participants aged 18 and older, who dine out at least monthly, engaged with menus using eye-tracking technology to measure involuntary attention. Participants visited the lab twice: first with a menu without calorie labelling and, at least two weeks later, with the same menu including calorie information. After each session, follow-up interviews explored the reasons behind attention, reactions, and food choices. Results revealed that while some subconscious attention to calorie information was detected through eye-tracking, many participants did not consciously notice it. Even those who saw calorie information rarely used it to inform choices, with calorie reductions failing to reach statistical significance. Choices were primarily driven by enjoyment and dietary restrictions. These findings suggest calorie labelling may have limited effectiveness in occasional social dining contexts and interventions should target regular dining venues instead.
- [Biometric responses to green and complete street elements in Devens, Massachusetts](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/biometric-responses-to-green-and-complete-street-elements-in-devens-massachusetts/): Understanding human responses to the built environment is vital for effective urban design and sustainable transportation planning. This study presents a methodology that employs eye-tracking technology and facial expression analysis to compare conscious and unconscious reactions to street designs featuring differing levels of Green and Complete Street (GCS) elements. Conducted in Devens, Massachusetts, the research evaluates the impacts of current and prospective design modifications on human well-being. The study employed still images and videos of urban streetscapes, altered to reflect no, low, and high GCS levels. Unconscious reactions were recorded via remote eye-tracking and emotion recognition software, while conscious responses were gathered using an emoji-based self-report survey. High-GCS environments elicited stronger visual attention and more positive emotions, especially toward green infrastructure. The results highlight the importance of incorporating pedestrian-friendly, green elements into urban design.
- [Investigating the Mitigation of Stress in Autonomous and Non-autonomous Vehicles Using LLM Feedback](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/investigating-the-mitigation-of-stress-in-autonomous-and-non-autonomous-vehicles-using-llm-feedback/): As many as 1.3 million people worldwide die each year as a result of road traffic accidents (WHO). A means for mitigating risks is the use of Driver Monitoring Systems (DMS) for evaluating driver state. Such systems can monitor distraction, drowsiness, stress, affective state, general cognitive impairment as well as behaviours that indicate potential for accidents. The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into vehicles has become an emerging area of innovation. These applications have the potential to enhance situational awareness, provide real-time feedback and assist in decision-making processes in both manually driven vehicles (MD) and autonomous vehicles (AV). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of different types of feedback given by an LLM (GPT-4) on subjective and objective (biobehavioural) measures of stress and other cognitive states using a driving rig and simulator (CARLA). We adopted an exploratory, empirical investigation for assessing safety-critical scenarios in which manual, and autonomous drive vehicles can use LLMs. The most significant findings were that: i) LLM feedback is reported as more relevant when scenarios had low visibility or the safety critical event was proximal; ii) short-length (versus long-length) vocalised feedback entails less reported stress in the MD condition; iii) short feedback entails less stress in MD given by Stress Index (SI), and specifically SI indicated less stress in proximal safety critical events (than long feedback) in MD; iv) long LLM feedback entails less stress than short feedback in the AV condition (both rated and for SI) and also less stress in AV for low visibility scenarios (given by SI). Additionally, eye tracking measures indicated less random exploration, and therefore more visual attention, to scenes when feedback was short and driving was manual (MD). We discuss potential avenues for future research exploration.
- [Consumer Attention Research on Perceiving Information on Meat Product Labels: Eye-Tracking Study on a Sample of University Students](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/consumer-attention-research-on-perceiving-information-on-meat-product-labels-eye-tracking-study-on-a-sample-of-university-students/): Despite the growing interest in eyetracking research in Slovakia across various domains, a minimum number of research publications, for instance, recorded in the Web of Science, were observed. Even less research is focused on food. Although the sample is limited to university students in Slovakia, it contributes the authors' perspective on the issue and provides an impulse for further research. The respondents were recruited based on their availability for laboratory measurements. Participants were informed about research ethics and signed informed consent. They also completed several questions on a Likert scale. For analysis, a software iMotions® Eyetracking Solution to track eye movement across the screen was used. The study involved 49 participants. Both correlational and differential analysis using heat map and graph visualization were employed. Understanding consumer attention is crucial in food marketing. It is essential for marketers to determine which information available to consumers during shopping is most relevant. By examining consumers' visual behavior — specifically, what information they acquire and when — the relative importance of different product details can be inferred.
- [A teacher’s distribution of attention and interaction opportunities in early childhood education: a mixed-methods single case study](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/a-teachers-distribution-of-attention-and-interaction-opportunities-in-early-childhood-education-a-mixed-methods-single-case-study/): Given the importance of one-on-one interactions between teachers and children for preschoolers’ language development, understanding teachers’ distribution of attention during interactions is essential. This mixed-methods single case study investigates how one teacher distributes her attention and interaction opportunities among four children. A data triangulation approach combining quantitative mobile eye-tracking data and qualitative data was used to examine the interplay between the teacher’s distribution of attention and of teacher-child interactions. To ensure ecological validity of the eye-tracking experiment, the four focal children were also followed through two half days in their regular classroom. Eye-tracking results revealed that the teacher’s attention was unevenly distributed, influenced by a complex interplay between teacher expectations, child language proficiency and a combination of intentional and unintentional attention processes. The child who was the most talkative received the most teacher attention, leading to more opportunities for language-stimulating interactions. This attention bias potentially creates an opportunity for inequality where children are held responsible for seizing language development opportunities themselves. In classroom observations, the same indications of inequality were observed. This study contributes to establishing the relevance and ecological validity of teacher attention measured with mobile eye tracking in the context of early childhood education.
- [Biometrics in roadway design: incorporating the subliminal human experience](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/biometrics-in-roadway-design-incorporating-the-subliminal-human-experience-2/): Numerous tools are available to transportation planners and designers to understand how people use and navigate roadways while driving. Innovations in biometric technology present new methods to tap collective wisdom and measure visual attention and emotion elicited by urban elements, like streets. Photos and videos were collected during Memorial Drive’s seasonal road closure in Cambridge, Massachusetts to measure these responses. We found a discrepancy between car-centered urban design and human-centered urban design, offering new methodological approaches to advance urban research, policy, and planning.
- [A Virtual Reality Approach to Enhancing Hazard Perception in Construction Using Eye-Tracking and Deep Learning](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/a-virtual-reality-approach-to-enhancing-hazard-perception-in-construction-using-eye-tracking-and-deep-learning/): Over 50% of onsite hazards remain unrecognised, primarily due to poor hazard perception and attention deficits. Eye-tracking can help in understanding human visual attention and cognitive response, but its application in construction has been restricted by the reliance on two-dimensional (2D) stimulus, such as pictures, which often lack realism. This study proposes a novel immersive virtual reality (VR) system integrated with computer vision (eye-tracking) technology for visual attention measurement. The study further explores the characterisation of VR eye-tracking data using Deep Learning Techniques. Based on tests with (n = 15) construction professionals across four experiments, VR eye-tracking was found to be a viable platform for understanding visual behaviour in hazard perception tasks. A Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Deep Learning model was further applied to the eye-tracking data and was found to effectively predict data peculiarities, as well as hazard identification performance of participants. The study provides preliminary evidence of the usefulness of eye-tracking data in VR simulations for enhancing safety training and provides pathways for real-time visual attention data measurement for safety interventions on construction sites.
- [Application of Instructional Technology Based on Biometric Identification and Artificial Intelligence Technology in Construction of Personalized Learning Paths](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/application-of-instructional-technology-based-on-biometric-identification-and-artificial-intelligence-technology-in-construction-of-personalized-learning-paths/): Current research on personalized learning paths based on artificial intelligence (AI) generally has black-box problems. It relies more on learning behavior data and lacks real-time monitoring of learners’ physiological states, leading to delayed personalized adjustments, lack of explainability of decision-making logic, and difficulty in gaining the trust of educators and learners. This paper integrates multimodal biometric identification and analysis (MM-BIA) technology and an explainable AI algorithm to construct a dynamic path optimization framework that conforms to educational principles. This paper uses the Tobii Pro Nano eye tracker to collect data, synchronizes it through the iMotions platform, and calculates indicators such as gaze duration and saccade speed. Dlib is used to locate facial features, and the ResNet-18 (Residual Network-18) model technology is used for micro-expression recognition. Combining electroencephalography (EEG) signals with the entropy of the mouse trajectory, a regression model is constructed using XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) to evaluate feature importance. The results show that this paper’s multi-stage signal processing pipeline of Kalman filtering, wavelet denoising, and morphological processing improves the signal-to-noise ratio of eye movement signals from 2.0 to 6.1. MM-BIA performs well in many aspects, with an accuracy of 0.936, higher than the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-Transformer’s 0.721. Its F1-score is 0.916, higher than the Light Vision Transformer (LightViT)’s 0.772. The inference delay is 38ms, lower than the 210ms of the Multimodal-Large Language Model (LLM). This study integrates multimodal biometric identification technology and explainable AI algorithms to construct personalized learning paths, breaking the limitations of traditional learning path construction, promoting the cross-integration of instructional technology, cognitive science, and AI, and providing key support for the development of intelligent education, the digital realization of “teaching. students in accordance with their aptitude”, and the construction of AI credibility in education.
- [Emotion-based insights into pro-environmental video campaigns: A study on waste sorting behavior in Ukraine](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/emotion-based-insights-into-pro-environmental-video-campaigns-a-study-on-waste-sorting-behavior-in-ukraine/): This study aims to examine how different types of pro-environmental video content (featuring humans versus AI-generated characters) influence household waste sorting attitudes and behaviors among Ukrainian residents. The research was conducted in two stages using a mixed-method approach. In the first stage, 102 individuals aged 18–45 watched two videos on waste sorting and completed an online questionnaire. Cluster and variance analyses were performed using Statistica software. In the second stage, 35 participants underwent a laboratory-based emotion analysis using iMotions software, heart rate monitors, and galvanic skin response sensors at the Behavioral Lab of Sumy State University (Ukraine) from May to July 2024. The results revealed that videos featuring real people were more effective in generating interest (average rating: 3.5 vs. 3.2) and emotional engagement, particularly joy and contempt, which were the most frequently expressed emotions. Cluster analysis identified four distinct respondent groups. Cluster 1 (39.2%) – primarily young women – responded positively to human-led videos but showed limited behavioral change. Cluster 2 (19.6%) – women aged 26–35 – reacted positively to both videos and were most willing to adopt waste sorting behavior. Cluster 3 (23.5%) – primarily men – showed moderate engagement and sorted waste occasionally. Cluster 4 (17.6%) – highly educated women – exhibited the least positive responses and were least likely to change their behavior. The emotion analysis confirmed that videos featuring real people elicited stronger emotional responses across all categories, whereas AI-generated videos prompted higher levels of anger but generally weaker engagement.
- [Investigating the Psychophysiological Effects of Tonglen Compassion Meditation in Healthcare Workers](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/investigating-the-psychophysiological-effects-of-tonglen-compassion-meditation-in-healthcare-workers/): Compassion is a valuable, trainable skill which can bring significant benefits to oneself and others. One method for developing compassion towards others is Tonglen, a Tibetan Buddhist meditation which involves taking in suffering from others and sending them well-being. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychophysiological outcomes of Tonglen meditation in healthcare workers, a population who have frequent contact with the suffering of others.
- [When a Proposal Is Rejected: Distributing Deontic Rights in Emergency Care Team Interactions in Japan and the UK](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/when-a-proposal-is-rejected-distributing-deontic-rights-in-emergency-care-team-interactions-in-japan-and-the-uk/): Joint decision making in team interaction is key to successful healthcare. In such a context, the leader’s rejection of a colleague’s proposal could happen, which could be face-threatening (Brown and Levinson in Politeness: some universals in language usage. Cambridge University Press, 1987; Goffman in Psychiatry 18:213–231, 1955). This chapter multimodally analyses team interactions in emergency care simulation in two different sociocultural contexts, Japan and the UK, capturing the moment when a team leader rejects a member’s proposal of future actions. Drawing on the notion of deontic authority (Stevanovic and Peräkylä in Research on Language and Social Interaction 45:297–321, 2012), the negotiation of their deonticity and epistemicity in interprofessional (intercultural) communication is cross-culturally investigated. Four simulation training sessions (two each on both sites) were filmed with video cameras and an eye-tracking device, which was worn by the team leader. In the four data sets, about 50 occurrences of members’ proposals were identified, most of which were accepted by the leader. On a few occasions, members’ proposals were rejected, most of which were accompanied by the leader’s accounting, displaying his epistemic primacy and deontic reasoning. Through these accounts, the leaders seemed to simultaneously reassured the proposers’ legitimacy and responsibility to contribute to joint decision making as a shared practice observed in the trauma team interactions in the two distinctive sociocultural contexts. However, a difference in the team dynamics was foregrounded between the Japanese and the British teams; the deontic rights were given to a proposer in the former while they were distributed by the leader in the latter.
- [Leveling the Playing Field: Amplifying Rural Student Voices in Game-Based Learning Design with a Rural User Experience (RUX) Kit](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/leveling-the-playing-field-amplifying-rural-student-voices-in-game-based-learning-design-with-a-rural-user-experience-rux-kit/): This paper introduces the Rural User Experience (RUX) initiative, developed to assess and address the unique challenges faced by rural users in educational technology testing, particularly for game-based learning applications. By piloting a RUX kit and its associated activities in rural Missouri, this initiative aims to minimize sampling bias in user experience (UX) testing, especially in underserved rural areas where transportation and communication barriers persist. This work-in-progress paper evaluates the feasibility of using iMotions, an advanced UX testing software, to conduct on-site and remote data collection, specifically through eye-tracking and facial expression analysis. Tests were performed on three games under development: vSchool, Mission Vita Nova, and Mission HydroSci, across laboratory, remote, and rural school settings. The paper discusses training provided to researchers, the tools employed, and the outcomes of rural student engagement. While this phase of the initiative revealed both successes and limitations in the applicability of iMotions, it also highlighted the need for further development and testing of alternative UX tools for rural contexts. This work contributes valuable insights for future researchers and practitioners interested in enhancing UX inclusivity in game-based learning environments.
- [Neurophysiological Markers of Design-Induced Cognitive Changes: A Feasibility Study with Consumer-Grade Mobile EEG](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/neurophysiological-markers-of-design-induced-cognitive-changes-a-feasibility-study-with-consumer-grade-mobile-eeg/): Background: Evidence-based design aims to create healthy environments grounded in scientific data, yet the influence of spatial qualities on cognitive processes remains underexplored. Advances in neuroscience offer promising tools to address this gap while meeting both scientific and practical demands. Consumer-grade mobile EEG devices are increasingly used; however, their lack of transparency complicates output interpretation. Well-established EEG indicators from cognitive neuroscience may offer a more accessible and interpretable alternative. Methods: This feasibility study explored the sensitivity of five established EEG power band ratios to cognitive shifts in response to subtle environmental design experiences. Twenty participants completed two crossover sessions in an office-like setting with nature-inspired versus urban-inspired design elements. Each session included controlled phases of focused on-screen cognitive task and off-screen breaks. Results: Factorial analyses revealed no significant interaction effects of cognitive state and environmental exposure on EEG outcomes. Nonetheless, frontal (θ/β) and frontocentral (β/) ratios showed distinct patterns across cognitive states, with more pronounced contrasts in the nature-inspired compared to the urban-inspired design conditions. Conversely, occipital (/β), (θ/α), and (β/α) ratios remained consistent across exposures. Data triangulation with autonomic nervous system responses and performance metrics supported these observations. Conclusions: The findings suggest that EEG power band ratios can capture brain–environment interactions. However, limitations of consumer-grade EEG devices challenge both scientific rigour and practical application. Refining methodological reliability could improve interpretability, supporting more transparent and robust data-driven design decisions.
- [Quantifying Emotional Arousal through Pupillary Response: A Novel Approach for Isolating the Luminosity Effect and Predicting Affective States](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/quantifying-emotional-arousal-through-pupillary-response-a-novel-approach-for-isolating-the-luminosity-effect-and-predicting-affective-states/)
- [Can Heuristic Cues Improve Voluntary Carbon Offsetting Message Effectiveness?](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/can-heuristic-cues-improve-voluntary-carbon-offsetting-message-effectiveness/): Encouraging air travelers’ participation in voluntary carbon offsetting (VCO) remains challenging. Drawing on dual-process and social influence theories, this study investigates whether heuristic cues can optimize message design for online carbon offsetting. Through sequentially designed randomized national surveys and psychophysiological experiments, results revealed that messages leveraging primacy-recency, anchoring, and foot-in-the-door techniques are most effective in increasing carbon offsetting intentions. Findings indicated that women tend to be rational carbon offset purchasers while older men are more likely to be heuristic-induced purchasers. The experimental study further reveals that transparency and efficacy messages with statistical information, rather than heuristic cues, are the most effective approaches in raising respondents’ attention to carbon offsetting details. Practical communication strategies such as providing readable and accurate information are proposed to promote participation in aviation VCO programs.
- [Usability Analysis of Graphic User Interfaces for Internet Forums with Consideration for Universal Design Principles](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/usability-analysis-of-graphic-user-interfaces-for-internet-forums-with-consideration-for-universal-design-principles/): Universal design is about creating applications to be accessible to a wider range of users. The paper presents the methodology and results of study on user interfaces of online forums. The main aim of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of two internet forums. For the purposes of the study, the following research hypothesis was defined: "The application of universal design principles (UDP) increases the accessibility of online forums". In order to conduct the study, the "Elektroda" Internet forum was selected, which does not apply the principles of universal design. Additionally, the authors own Internet forum has been created to meet the universal design principles. An experiment was designed consisting of an eye-tracking tool, the LUT (Lublin University of Technology) and the SUS (System Usability Scale) surveys. 22 participants, students of master's studies in computer science at the Lublin University of Technology, were involved in this study. An evaluation of two web services has also been carried out using the WAVE (Web Accessibility Evaluation) tool. The results of the conducted research confirmed the hypothesis, showing that the application of universal design principles increases the accessibility of online forums.
- [What Is the Effect of Political Influencers on TikTok? Early Results From a Field Experiment With Young Adults](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/what-is-the-effect-of-political-influencers-on-tiktok-early-results-from-a-field-experiment-with-young-adults/): Politicians from both major political parties in the United States have been raising concerns about the rise of TikTok, a popular social media platform founded by Chinese entrepreneurs, with some calling for stricter regulation or even banning the platform. One aspect of opposition to TikTok is its growth as a news source among young adults. This is concerning because TikTok relies on short videos that can spur strong emotional responses in young adults who are still undergoing substantial cognitive development. To test the effect of watching TikTok political influencers on young adults’ emotional response and political attitudes, we conducted a field experiment at a large American public university. Using survey data and video content analysis, we found that consuming political content on TikTok increased negative emotional affect but had seemingly no effect on political attitudes. We urge further studies to verify the negative effect of TikTok on emotional affect and to test potential mitigating interventions to reduce this adverse effect. While we strongly urge further study, we advise policymakers to place additional scrutiny on the effect of social media platforms like TikTok on emotional wellbeing.
- [Decoding Fan Engagement: An Eye-Tracking Analysis of Attention Allocation on Sport Teams’ Facebook Pages](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/decoding-fan-engagement-an-eye-tracking-analysis-of-attention-allocation-on-sport-teams-facebook-pages/): This study investigated how sport consumers allocate their attention on professional sport teams’ Facebook pages, with a focus on visual attention patterns, the impact of content type and topic, the role of fan identification, and differences in media behaviors between desktop computer and smartphone users. After creating a semifictitious sport team Facebook page as a stimulus, this study utilized eye-tracking technology to provide ecologically valid insights into how consumers engage with content displayed on the social media platform. A total of 85 participants took part in the study, which was conducted in a university laboratory located on the East Coast of the United States. The findings reveal that visually prominent content, particularly athlete-focused posts, captures the most attention. Interestingly, participants with higher fan identification exhibited selective, goal-driven viewing behavior, characterized by quick information searching. Additionally, significant differences in media-consumption patterns were observed between desktop computer and smartphone users, with computer users displaying more exploratory viewing patterns and mobile users engaging in more linear and sequential content consumption. These insights offer practical implications for sport marketers seeking to optimize digital-engagement strategies across different platforms, ultimately enhancing fan engagement and strengthening fan–team relationships in the digital age.
- [A multi-modal investigation of retrospective emotions during a programming task](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/a-multi-modal-investigation-of-retrospective-emotions-during-a-programming-task/): Literature underscores the important role of emotions in education, especially in challenging fields like programming. Emotions such as pride, shame, relief, and disappointment are often triggered after the task; hence, they are essential as they require students' reflection on performance and influence future decisions. Yet, these emotions remain underexplored in educational contexts. This study investigates how novice programming students experience retrospective emotions by employing a multi-modal approach that includes self-reports, behavioural and physiological biometrics (clickstream, keystroke, electrodermal activity, and eye gaze), and video analysis. The findings reveal that pride often arises when students successfully use programming constructs or correct errors, enhancing their perceived control and mastery. Conversely, shame is linked to difficulties with using familiar commands, highlighting novices' inaccurate mental model. Moreover, relief is felt when students avoid potential failures when encountering a familiar task. In contrast, disappointment occurs when students' efforts fail to meet their expectations. These insights underscore the need for educational strategies that integrate both cognitive and emotional considerations in teaching programming.
- [Using Electroencephalography to Understand Learning Engagement with User-Centered Human-Computer Interaction in a Multimodal Online Learning Environment](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/using-electroencephalography-to-understand-learning-engagement-with-user-centered-human-computer-interaction-in-a-multimodal-online-learning-environment/): Multimodal learning environments (MMLA) use visual, auditory, and physical interactions to improve engagement in learning tasks. A recent study by Ma et al. demonstrated how biosensors such as GSR (Galvanic Skin Response), eye tracking, and facial expressions can track emotional and cognitive engagement. Building on that work, we are incorporating EEG (electroencephalography) data, focusing on Frontal Alpha Asymmetry (FAA), which measures differences in activity between the left and right prefrontal cortices. FAA is linked to engagement, with greater left-frontal activity associated with goal-directed behavior and positive emotional states. A recurring challenge in FAA research is inconsistent results, due to weak stimuli or overly smoothed EEG data that obscure transient patterns. To address this, we use wavelet transforms, which preserve both temporal and frequency details. This lets us detect subtle changes in alpha power, which is inversely related to cortical activity and often reflects changes in engagement, while linking these shifts to trends in time-synchronized biosensor data. We are exploring FAA analyses in 3 participants during a learning task in Quality Trainer (Minitab), and find that the stimuli reliably trigger FAA shifts, aligning with GSR and facial expression responses. By integrating wavelet-enhanced EEG analysis with time-synchronized biosensor data, this approach offers a better understanding of engagement and cross-modal patterns in real time. These findings have significant implications for developing adaptive learning systems and human-computer interaction models. Furthermore, this work highlights the importance of rigorous, detail-preserving analysis to improve the accuracy and reliability of engagement metrics in multimodal environments
- [Optimizing sound alerts for traveler information systems: Insights from a driving simulator and eye tracking study](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/optimizing-sound-alerts-for-traveler-information-systems-insights-from-a-driving-simulator-and-eye-tracking-study/): Traveler information apps provide drivers with timely alerts about crashes, work zones, and road closures, using accurate, agency-reported data to enhance safety. This study evaluates the effectiveness of different types of road incident alerts in enhancing driver responses using a driving simulator, eye-tracking glasses, and a questionnaire. This study assesses driver reaction and perception behavior through a combination of recorded driving performance and eye movements, while also gathering participant feedback on the most effective alert types. The findings revealed that alerts providing comprehensive information such as incident notifications, distance to the incident, and actionable instructions were most effective in eliciting quick driver responses and improving safety, particularly when delivered two miles in advance of the incident. These types of alerts had a significantly faster response period compared to other types of alerts analyzed. Eye-tracking data indicated that simpler alerts, such as those with only incident information, could also help drivers maintain focus on the road and reduce decision-making complexity. Survey results supported these findings, showing a clear preference for alerts with detailed information, including distance and recommended actions. This study also identified the preferred optimal alert timing as being at least two miles before the incident in high-speed interstate roadway conditions. These findings emphasize the importance of clear, actionable alerts in traveler information systems and highlight opportunities for optimizing alert timing and simplicity to improve driver safety.
- [Analysis of Flight Search on the Web Using Eye-Tracking](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/analysis-of-flight-search-on-the-web-using-eye-tracking/): This paper explores consumer behavior during online flight searches using eye-tracking technology, focusing on visual attention and decision-making on e-commerce platforms. The study involved 32 university students, aged 19–25, tasked with finding flights based on specific requirements. Data were collected using the Smart Eye AI eye tracker and analyzed through heatmaps, gaze mapping, and areas of interest (AOI), with supplementary questionnaires assessing digital literacy and prior experience. Results showed only 25% of participants successfully met the task criteria, highlighting challenges with website clarity and search complexity. Eye-tracking metrics revealed user focus on search fields and flight details, while peripheral elements like advertisements received minimal attention. Findings stress the importance of clear information presentation and user-friendly interfaces to reduce cognitive load and improve decision-making. Recommendations include refining visual elements, optimizing ad placement, and simplifying search processes to enhance user experience in online ticket sales.
- [Decreased emotion recognition and reduced focus on facial hallmarks in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia compared to primary psychiatric disorders and controls](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/decreased-emotion-recognition-and-reduced-focus-on-facial-hallmarks-in-behavioral-variant-frontotemporal-dementia-compared-to-primary-psychiatric-disorders-and-controls/): Early diagnosis of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is challenging due to symptomatic overlap with primary psychiatric disorders (PPD). As emotion recognition deficits are early and key features of bvFTD, the aim was to explore processes driving social cognition deficits that may aid in the differentiation between bvFTD and PPD.
- [Investigating Foreign Language Vocabulary Recognition in Children with ADHD and Autism with the Use of Eye Tracking Technology](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/investigating-foreign-language-vocabulary-recognition-in-children-with-adhd-and-autism-with-the-use-of-eye-tracking-technology/): Neurodivergent students, including those with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), frequently encounter challenges in several areas of foreign language (FL) learning, including vocabulary acquisition. This exploratory study aimed to investigate real-time English as a Foreign Language (EFL) word recognition using eye tracking within the Visual World Paradigm (VWP). Specifically, it examined whether gaze patterns could serve as indicators of successful word recognition, how these patterns varied across three distractor types (semantic, phonological, unrelated), and whether age and vocabulary knowledge influenced visual attention during word processing. Methods: Eye-tracking data were collected from 17 children aged 6–10 years with ADHD or ASD while they completed EFL word recognition tasks. Analyses focused on gaze metrics across target and distractor images to identify percentile-based thresholds as potential data-driven markers of recognition. Group differences (ADHD vs. ASD) and the roles of age and vocabulary knowledge were also examined. Results: Children with ADHD exhibited increased fixations on phonological distractors, indicating higher susceptibility to interference, whereas children with ASD demonstrated more distributed attention, often attracted by semantic cues. Older participants and those with higher vocabulary scores showed more efficient gaze behavior, characterized by increased fixations on target images, greater attention to relevant stimuli, and reduced attention to distractors. Conclusions: Percentile-based thresholds in gaze metrics may provide useful markers of word recognition in neurodivergent learners. Findings underscore the importance of differentiated instructional strategies in EFL education for children with ADHD and ASD. The study further supports the integration of eye tracking with behavioral assessments to advance understanding of language processing in atypical developmental contexts.
- [Multimodal Analyses and Visual Models for Qualitatively Understanding Digital Reading and Writing Processes](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/multimodal-analyses-and-visual-models-for-qualitatively-understanding-digital-reading-and-writing-processes/): As technology continues to shape how students read and write, digital literacy practices have become increasingly multimodal and complex—posing new challenges for researchers seeking to understand these processes in authentic educational settings. This paper presents three qualitative studies that use multimodal analyses and visual modeling to examine digital reading and writing across age groups, learning contexts, and literacy activities. The first study introduces collaborative composing snapshots, a method that visually maps third graders’ digital collaborative writing processes and highlights how young learners blend spoken, written, and visual modes in real-time online collaboration. The second study uses digital reading timescapes to track the multimodal reading behaviors of fifth graders—such as highlighting, re-reading, and gaze patterns—offering insights into how these actions unfold over time to support comprehension. The third study explores multimodal composing timescapes and transmediation visualizations to analyze how bilingual high school students compose across languages and modes, including text, image, and sounds. Together, these innovative methods illustrate the power of multimodal analysis and visual modeling for capturing the complexity of digital literacy development. They offer valuable tools for designing more inclusive, equitable, and developmentally responsive digital learning environments—particularly for culturally and linguistically diverse learners.
- [The impact of information overload on Gen Z iPhone-user product preferences and visual attention: a biometric approach](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/the-impact-of-information-overload-on-gen-z-iphone-user-product-preferences-and-visual-attention-a-biometric-approach/): Purpose
- [Implicit and Explicit Consumer Perceptions of Cashews: A Neuroscientific and Sensory Analysis Approach](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/implicit-and-explicit-consumer-perceptions-of-cashews-a-neuroscientific-and-sensory-analysis-approach/): This study investigated consumer perceptions of raw cashew nuts from two different private labels (private label A, PLA, and private label B, PLB), employing a combination of explicit (sensory analysis) and implicit (consumer neuroscience) methods. The objective was to analyse both conscious and unconscious responses to understand consumer preferences. Participants (n = 80) evaluated the samples, with electroencephalography (EEG) and electrodermal activity (EDA) as implicit methods, and hedonic scales, JAR scales, and the EsSense25 questionnaire used for explicit evaluations. The results revealed a clear preference for PLB, supported by higher global hedonic scores and a significant majority (65%) choosing PLB over PLA. EEG metrics calculated for participants’ valence, frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) for flavour indicated greater activity in the left frontal lobe for PLB, associated with positive emotions. Task engagement (TE) measurements revealed higher engagement with PLB during flavour evaluation. Penalty analysis identified that PLA was mainly penalised for a “too weak” aroma and flavour. The EsSense25 analysis showed that cashew consumption evoked predominantly positive emotions such as “pleasant”, “satisfied”, and “calm”. In conclusion, the combination of implicit and explicit methods provided a comprehensive understanding of consumer preferences, highlighting the value of both approaches and the importance of sensory attributes in driving the overall liking of raw cashews. The findings have implications for product optimisation, market segmentation, and the development of marketing strategies in the cashew industry.
- [The Force of Habit: Comparing Graphical User Interfaces of Popular Operating Systems Using Eye-Tracking Analysis](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/the-force-of-habit-comparing-graphical-user-interfaces-of-popular-operating-systems-using-eye-tracking-analysis/): Background:. Usability plays an important role in user experience and directly influences users’ satisfaction and overall perception of the IT solution. A combination of subjective and objective evaluation methods can increase the overall usability assessment. Methods: This paper presents a comparative analysis of eye-tracking and survey data that provided a comparison of the graphical user interfaces (GUIs) of three popular operating systems (OSs), Linux, macOS, and Windows, in terms of usability, efficiency, and overall user experience. The study was conducted on a group of over sixty participants using eye-tracking technology and System Usability Scale (SUS) surveys. Several metrics were applied based on features related to eye tracking and task completion. Raw data, including fixations and saccades, was used to generate scan paths and heat maps, enabling objective measurement of respondents’ aggregated attention intensity and gaze patterns. Results: The results revealed particular usability issues that significantly confuse users or make the system difficult to use. Although Linux and macOS differ significantly in interface design and functionality, these objective distinctions were not reflected in users’ mean subjective assessments. Median score analysis suggests that Windows and Linux were rated similarly, while macOS consistently ranked lower. Conversely, in objective performance measures, Linux demonstrated the poorest outcomes, whereas Windows performed best in perceived usability. The results suggest that users rely on familiar interaction patterns and spatial memory, which may explain inconsistencies linked to prior experience with Windows. In detailed primary OS-specific analysis, Linux and macOS demonstrate relatively stable outcomes, whereas Windows shows greater variability.
- [Let robots tell stories: Using social robots as storytellers to promote language learning among young children](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/let-robots-tell-stories-using-social-robots-as-storytellers-to-promote-language-learning-among-young-children/): Robot-Assisted Language Learning (RALL) has emerged as an innovative method to support children's language development. However, limited research has examined how its effectiveness is compared to other digital and human-led storytelling approaches, particularly among young learners. This study involved 81 children (M age = 5.58), who were randomly assigned to one of three storyteller conditions: a researcher-developed social robot (Joey), a tablet, or a human instructor. The study examined outcomes across three domains: linguistic (expressive vocabulary, story comprehension), cognitive (attention), and affective (perceptions of the storytelling activity). Results showed that children in robot condition demonstrated better story comprehension and reported significantly more positive speaking and reading perceptions than those in the tablet group. For attention, both the robot group maintained significantly higher levels than the human and tablet groups. However, for expressive vocabulary, no significant groups differences were identified. These findings suggest that while social robots may not be able to fully replace human instructors, they offer prominent benefits in certain aspects of language learning and may serve as a potential tool in early childhood educational settings.
- [Gaze Attention Estimation for Medical Environments](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/gaze-attention-estimation-for-medical-environments/): Gaze attention estimation is the task that aims to understand where each person is looking in each scene. In this study, we introduce a new annotated dataset that is derived from medical simulation training videos, capturing diverse and authentic clinical scenarios from a practical medical environment and annotated by the ground truth data from eye-tracking devices (iMotions ) worn by medical professionals during procedures in the scenes. Most of the existing approaches in the field of gaze prediction often rely on object detection as a guide for the model. However, this becomes problematic when encountering specialised tools and equipment in medical environments, and that domain is probably absent from the standard large-scale object detection and segmentation dataset. To address the problem, this paper attempts to propose a gaze prediction framework that integrates with the head pose information, which consists of pitch, yaw, and roll. Enable the model to rely on gaze direction even when objects are not detected. This approach is based on the self-attention mechanism of vision transformers. We believe this will enhance the model’s performance in relation to the relationship between gaze direction and the scene. We hope to offer a more reliable framework for real-world medical applications.
- [Beyond safety: investigating safety communication as a destination promotion tool using psychophysiological measures](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/beyond-safety-investigating-safety-communication-as-a-destination-promotion-tool-using-psychophysiological-measures/): Safety communication is increasingly used for destination promotion, while current scholarship predominantly focusing on its roles in image-repair and risk prevention, scarcely studied its promotional potential. This study, drawing on social exchange theory, examines how in-flight safety videos evoke curiosity and emotional arousal, influencing destination recommendation behavior. A one-way factorial experiment (N = 88) compares videos with and without destination promotion, using psychophysiological measures (galvanic skin response, eye-tracking) and self- reports. Results indicate that culturally embedded safety content enhances curiosity and emotional engagement, positively impacting recommendation behavior. These findings provide valuable insights for designing safety videos that integrate safety communication with destination marketing.
- [Machine Learning Techniques to Improve the Cognitive Workload Classification Using Multimodal Sensors’ Data](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/machine-learning-techniques-to-improve-thecognitive-workload-classification-usingmultimodal-sensors-data/): Using machine learning applied to multimodal physiological data allows the classification of cognitive workload (low, moderate, or high load) during task performance. However, current techniques, such as multisensor data fusion (e.g. electroencephalogram, heart rate, eye movements, and other physiologicalsignals), suffer from excessive dimensionality, intersubject variability, imbalanced feature vectors, and poor data alignment between sensors. This paper contributes three crucial points to addressing these difficulties and improving the performance in the classification of cognitive workload. First, it presents a novel theoretical model that explains the performance benefits of multimodal sensor fusion. Second, it introduces afeature augmentation strategy based on novel initial centroids optimizer techniques using k-means clustering that are intended to improve feature robustness in high-dimensional multisensor data. Third, it creates a hybrid learning pipeline that combines supervised and unsupervised methods, such as K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN), Random Forest (RF), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and ensemble stacking, to improve crosstask generalisability and classification accuracy. When evaluated across eight multimodal sensor datasets (one public and seven self-made), at first, feature importance analysis corroborated the contribution of the augmented features. Secondly, the applied technique consistently improves the binary and multiclassworkload classifications. Statistical tests proved the significance of performance gains. Thus, the results show that the proposed methods are useful in improving the measurement of cognitive workload from multisensor data
- [GUI Evaluation using Eye Tracking: Optimizing Instructor Station for Night Vision Training in Aviation](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/gui-evaluation-using-eye-tracking-optimizing-instructor-station-for-night-vision-training-in-aviation/): This paper presents a case study usability evaluation of a graphical user interface (GUI) used in the Virtual Terrain Image Generation System (VTIGS) developed by AMST Systemtechnik GmbH. The GUI is used by instructors to configure night vision training scenarios for pilots using Night Vision Goggles (NVG). However, many instructors are non-aviation professionals. This study examines how the perceived complexity of the GUI differs between aviation and non-aviation users. Using mobile eye tracking glasses (VPS 19 from Viewpointsystem GmbH), think-aloud protocols, and post-task surveys, it shows differences in interaction patterns and attention distribution. This work builds on findings from the author’s master’s thesis but is presented here as an independent summary.
- [Interictal eye movement alterations in migraine with aura: impact of perceptual and cognitive load during reading](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/interictal-eye-movement-alterations-in-migraine-with-aura-impact-of-perceptual-and-cognitive-load-during-reading/): Background
- [ROGER:Visualizing Voice Records to Enhance Team Communication Trainings for High-Stress Situations](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/rogervisualizing-voice-records-to-enhance-team-communication-trainings-for-high-stress-situations/): Effective communication is essential in high-stress environments but stress often disrupts the flow of information and leads to miscommunication. While scenario-based training exercises are widely used, post-hoc reflection and analysis of verbal interactions remain challenging due to overlapping speech, limited analysis time, and the dynamic nature of these situations. This paper introduces ROGER, a novel visual analytics interface designed to support afteraction reviews of communication during high-stress training scenarios. Developed in collaboration with police trainers through an iterative design study, ROGER integrates emotional voice metrics, heart rate variability, and spoken language content to provide a comprehensive analysis of team communication. The system enables a flexible in-depth exploration of communication patterns through motifs—repeated sequences orcontentelements—including those generated by a large language model (LLM) as well as predefined ones. Our approach addresses the limitations of existing tools, which focus primarily on content summarization or voice replays without incorporating emotional and stress-related voice data. We validated the utility through interviews with police trainers and conducted a workshop with medical first responders to investigate the potential for cross-domain applicability. Our findings provide preliminary evidence that ROGER supports effective team performance analysis in diverse high-stress environments.
- [Blending in or standing out? The disclosure dilemma of ad cues of social media native advertising](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/blending-in-or-standing-out-the-disclosure-dilemma-of-ad-cues-of-social-media-native-advertising/): Introduction: As social media platforms increasingly rely on native advertising embedded within user feeds, an open question is whether sponsored posts garner comparable, greater, or reduced attention relative to surrounding non-sponsored content. Subtle cues (e.g., disclosures, call-to-action (CTA) buttons) may alert users to the commercial nature of these posts or remain unnoticed in rapid-scroll environments. In this study, we aimed to disentangle the dynamics of the “disclosure dilemma” in native advertising, examining whether ad cues blend into the content flow unnoticed or stand out and prompt rapid disengagement.
- [Disrupting the browsing experience: impact of sponsored social media content on affective flow without driving engagement](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/disrupting-the-browsing-experience-impact-of-sponsored-social-media-content-on-affective-flow-without-driving-engagement/): Introduction: Understanding how emotional experiences shape consumer behavior in digital environments is a central issue in decision-making neuroscience. While social media feeds are saturated with sponsored content, little is known about how such content modulates affective rhythms and influences engagement.
- [It’s not only what is said, but how: how user-expressed emotions predict satisfaction with voice assistants in different contexts](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/its-not-only-what-is-said-but-how-how-user-expressed-emotions-predict-satisfaction-with-voice-assistants-in-different-contexts/): Purpose
- [Acceptance, Usability, and Emotions- An Extension of the UTAUT Designed for AI Virtual Assistants in the Context of Housing Modernization](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/acceptance-usability-and-emotions-an-extension-of-the-utaut-designed-for-ai-virtual-assistants-in-the-context-of-housing-modernization/): The integration of AI virtual assistants (AIVAs) into daily life raises critical questions about acceptance, usability, and emotional reactions. This paper explores these constructs within the context of the German state-funded KIMM project, which investigates the use of AIVAs to support the modernization of rental housing stock. To better understand users’ interactions with AIVAs, we propose an extension of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), incorporating usability, valence, and arousal as aspects of technology acceptance. To validate our proposed model, termed Usability-Valence-Arousal-UTAUT (UVA-UTAUT), we present a study design that combines explicit measures of usability and acceptance with implicit emotion recognition techniques. The findings are expected to contribute to the fields of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), Affective Computing, and Psychology by offering a deeper understanding of how emotional states and usability influence the acceptance of AIVAs. Further exploration of the model is encouraged and future research directions are outlined.
- [Emotional Manipulation in Phishing Emails: Experimental Study of Affective Responses and Human Classification Errors in a Simulated Email Environment](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/emotional-manipulation-in-phishing-emails-experimental-study-of-affective-responses-and-human-classification-errors-in-a-simulated-email-environment/): Phishing emails are a type of social engineering designed to extract sensitive information from individuals and organizations. Phishing attacks can exploit psychological mechanisms-such as fear and urgency-to trigger impulsive decision-making and security errors. Given the growing threat of phishing in recent years, this paper investigates emotional manipulation through phishing emails by examining affective and behavioral responses in a simulated email environment. To investigate how emotional triggers affect user susceptibility, a laboratory-based study was conducted using simulated email scenarios that closely resembled typical workplace communication patterns, enabling detailed tracking of multimodal responses. Participants interacted with legitimate and phishing emails while their facial expressions, electrodermal activity, and decision behaviors were recorded. Statistical analysis revealed significant correlations between physiological stress indicators and increased susceptibility to various decision-making errors– such as replying to, archiving, or failing to flag phishing emails– particularly when participants were exposed to emotionally charged messages. The findings underscore the need for cybersecurity training approaches that incorporate psychological and emotional dimensions. By identifying key affective states associated with security lapses, this research contributes to the design of more effective awareness strategies and affectsensitive defense mechanisms.
- [Challenges of Applying Computer Vision for Emotion Detection in Educational Settings: A Study on Bias](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/challenges-of-applying-computer-vision-for-emotion-detection-in-educational-settings-a-study-on-bias/): Understanding students’ emotions is important for creating adaptive learning environments. Advanced computer vision models like HSEmotion and EMONET are used for real-time emotion detection, but their effectiveness in real educational settings is insufficiently explored. Typically trained on adult datasets in controlled environments, these models encounter challenges due to varying camera angles, lighting, resolution, and skin tone. This study evaluated how image variants (camera angle, lighting, resolution) and demographic factors (skin tone) impact the accuracy and fairness of emotion detection in three different learning environments. Statistical analysis reveals significant effects of these variables on the accuracy of estimated valence and arousal values.
- [Modeling Students’ Emotions in Computing Education: A Context-Specific Multi-Modal Approach](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/modeling-students-emotions-in-computing-education-a-context-specific-multi-modal-approach/): Emotions are context-specific and unfold dynamically during tasks such as programming. However, most emotion recognition systems are built using generic data and often overlook contextual nuances. This dissertation bridges affective computing and computing education by developing a context-specific, multi-modal dataset that integrates physiological, behavioral, and self-report data from programming students. Building on this dataset, I explore hybrid and transformer-based fusion techniques for emotion recognition and emotion-cause analysis. The goal is to inform the design of affect-aware learning systems that adapt to students’ learning needs to improve engagement and persistence in computing education.
- [Investigating Cognitive Strategies in a Mental Rotation Task using Eye Tracking Heat Maps](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/investigating-cognitive-strategies-in-a-mental-rotation-task-using-eye-tracking-heat-maps/): This research explores the use of heat maps derived from eye-tracking data to identify cognitive strategies in mental rotationtasks. Traditional methods like eye-tracking metrics and interviewshave limitations in capturing the full spectrum of strategy use. Wepropose heat maps as a novel methodology to bridge the gapbetween behavioral outputs and cognitive processes. Ourpreliminary findings demonstrate distinct heat map signatures forholistic and piecemeal strategies, validated through interview data.This work contributes to spatial cognition research by providing amore comprehensive framework for strategy classification and hasimplications for STEM education and cognitive assessment.
- [Short-Form Videos: An Exploratory Study on the Impact of Subtitles and ASMR Split-screen Format Options Using Eyegaze and Facial Expression Data](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/short-form-videos-an-exploratory-study-on-the-impact-of-subtitles-and-asmr-split-screen-format-options-using-eyegaze-and-facial-expression-data/): Short-form videos, popularized by platforms like TikTok, YouTube Shorts, and Instagram Reels, have revolutionized media consumption through format options and features such as split-screen visuals, subtitles, music, accelerated audio, and pause removal. This exploratory study investigates how two of those format options, subtitles and split screen, influence viewer visual attention, recall, and emotional engagement during video consumption. Using biometric tools, including eye tracking and facial expression analysis (FEA), alongside survey-based assessments, the present study examines the interplay between video format and user engagement. The experiment involved four video conditions: a baseline TED Talk, a TED Talk with subtitles, a split-screen with additional ASMR content, and a split-screen with subtitles. Results reveal that subtitles and split-screen visuals significantly impact visual attention patterns. Emotional responses, measured via FEA, showed elevated positive emotions, engagement, and attention in split-screen conditions. However, information retention, as assessed through immediate recall, was not significantly influenced by tested video features.
- [Neural Correlates of Task-Specific Willingness to Communicate: Expanding the Research Agenda](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/neural-correlates-of-task-specific-willingness-to-communicate-expanding-the-research-agenda/): Learners’ affective responses to pedagogic tasks and the effort that they invest in completing them are critical to the learning that takes place through tasks in task-based language teaching (TBLT) (Lambert, Aubrey, & Bui, 2023). Fluctuations in learners’ willingness to communicate (WTC) during pedagogic tasks-or task-specific WTC(Aubrey & Yashima, 2023)-are a locus for affective and conative variation during pedagogic task performance. However, task-specific WTC is under-researched, and the research that has been conducted, while insightful, has been limited to self-report data (Khajavy, MacIntyre, Taherian, & Ross, 2021; MacIntyre & Legatto, 2011; MacIntyre& Wang, 2021). This brief report expands the research agenda on task-specific WTC by correlating self-report measures based on moment-to-moment ratings of stimulated recalls (MacIntyre & Ducker, 2022) with physiological measures of affect response and conation afforded by electroencephalography and facial expression analysis (Lambert, 2023). The report provides evidence for neural and physiological correlates of self-reported WTC experiences and points to directions for future research on WTC in TBLT.
- [How Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder Use Prosody and Gestures to Process Phrasal Ambiguities](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/how-children-with-and-without-developmental-language-disorder-use-prosody-and-gestures-to-process-phrasal-ambiguities/): Prosody is crucial for resolving phrasal ambiguities. Recent research suggests that gestures can enhance this process, which may be especially useful for children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD), who have impaired structural language. This study investigates how children with DLD use prosodic and gestural cues to interpret phrasal ambiguities. Catalan-speaking children with and without DLD heard sentences with two possible interpretations, a high (less common) and low (more common) attachment interpretation of the verb clause. Sentences were presented in three conditions: baseline (no cues to high-attachment interpretation), prosody-only (prosodic cues to high-attachment interpretation), and multimodal (prosodic and gestural cues to high-attachment interpretation). Offline target selection and online gaze patterns were analysed across linguistic (DLD vs. TD) and age groups (5–7 vs. 8–10 years old) to see if multimodal cues facilitate the processing of the less frequent high-attachment interpretation. The offline results revealed that prosodic cues influenced all children’s comprehension of phrasal structures and that gestures provided no benefit beyond prosody. Online data showed that children with DLD struggled to integrate visual information. Our findings underscore that children with DLD can rely on prosodic cues to support sentence comprehension and highlight the importance of integrating multimodal cues in linguistic interactions.
- [Processing every bite: A neuroscientific analysis of the eating experience and its cognitive and emotional dynamics](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/processing-every-bite-a-neuroscientific-analysis-of-the-eating-experience-and-its-cognitive-and-emotional-dynamics/): Our eating experiences are largely shaped by brain perceptions rather than the intrinsic qualities of the food itself. Therefore, to provide a comprehensive analysis of these experiences and their impact on our cognitions and emotions, it is essential to assess their neural underpinnings. This research employed a consumer neuroscience approach, integrating neuroscientific techniques with self-report measures to explore cognitive and emotional responses throughout the eating experience, examining how they are influenced by different eating processes and different food flavours. Forty participants consumed 4 pasta dishes (each with a distinct flavour) in a randomised order. The sight, taste, and savour phases of the eating process were separately assessed using electroencephalography (EEG), skin conductance (SC), and heart rate (HR), computing neurophysiological measures for cognitive engagement, memorisation, and emotion. Additionally, emotions were assessed using the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM). The findings indicated an increased cognitive engagement during sight and tasting phases, and a peak in memorisation during tasting compared to the other phases. Emotions were higher during tasting and savoring compared to the initial sight phase. While neuroscientific data indicated no flavour-related differences, self-report measures showed some differences in terms of the emotional responses elicited. This research maps the sequence of cognitive and emotional processes in the eating experience, validates neurometrics as standardised tools for assessing eating-related consumer responses, and highlights the importance of combining neuroscientific and self-report measures to better understand food perceptions and emotions. Finally, it offers insights for designing better eating experiences to improve consumers’ satisfaction and overall well-being.
- [Language measures correlate with other measures used to study emotion](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/language-measures-correlate-with-other-measures-used-to-study-emotion/): Researchers are increasingly using language measures to study emotion, yet less is known about whether language relates to other measures often used to study emotion. Building on previous work which focuses on associations between language and self-report, we test associations between language and a broader range of measures (self-report, observer report, facial cues, vocal cues). Furthermore, we examine associations across different dictionaries (LIWC-22, NRC, Lexical Suite, ANEW, VADER) used to estimate valence (i.e., positive versus negative emotion) or discrete emotions (i.e., anger, fear, sadness) in language. Associations were tested in three large, multimodal datasets (Ns = 193–1856; average word count = 316.7–2782.8). Language consistently related to observer report and consistently related to self-report in two of the three datasets. Statistically significant associations between language and facial cues emerged for language measures of valence but not for language measures of discrete emotions. Language did not consistently show significant associations with vocal cues. Results did not tend to significantly vary across dictionaries. The current research suggests that language measures (in particular, language measures of valence) are correlated with a range of other measures used to study emotion. Therefore, researchers may wish to use language to study emotion when other measures are unavailable or impractical for their research question.
- [Brought to you by our sponsors: visual attention and sponsorship on niche sport Instagram posts](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/brought-to-you-by-our-sponsors-visual-attention-and-sponsorship-on-niche-sport-instagram-posts/): The study examines how consumers look at sponsorship messaging embedded within Instagram images on the International Volleyball Federation’s official beach volleyball account, investigating how social media consumers dedicate visual attention to the photographs.
- [Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Interview Success: Leveraging Eye-Tracking and Cognitive Measures to Support Self-Regulation in College Students with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/artificial-intelligence-enhanced-interview-success-leveraging-eye-tracking-and-cognitive-measures-to-support-self-regulation-in-college-students-with-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/): This study investigates how cognitive and self-regulation factors impact online interview performance among college students with ADHD. With unemployment rates for individuals with disabilities significantly higher than the general population, understanding the unique challenges posed by AI-driven virtual interviews is critical. Forty-six students with ADHD completed a structured interview simulation using the Big Interview platform, coupled with eye-tracking data and cognitive assessments. Results reveal that higher-performing participants (Gold tier) demonstrated a balanced focus on content comprehension and interviewer engagement, while lower-performing participants (Bronze tier) spent significantly more time on content fixation. Logistic regression indicated that cognitive flexibility, as measured by NIH Dimensional Card Sorting, predicts interview success, emphasizing the importance of task-switching skills in virtual environments. These findings suggest the need for targeted interventions, such as executive function training, to prepare neurodivergent individuals for the demands of AI-driven hiring practices. The study highlights the potential of psychophysiological metrics in understanding and enhancing interview performance, advocating for inclusive, evidence-based strategies that align with Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging (DEIB) principles. This research provides actionable insights for educators, employers, and technology developers aiming to create accessible and equitable virtual interview platforms.
- [Similar Facial Expression Responses to Advertising Observed Across the Globe: Evidence for Universal Facial Expressions in Response to Advertising](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/similar-facial-expression-responses-to-advertising-observed-across-the-globe-evidence-for-universal-facial-expressions-in-response-to-advertising/): Effective measurement of audiences’ emotional responses has become a key need in advertising and content research. Analysis of facial responses has become a widespread tool to do so. However, there has been doubt expressed by some authors about the degree to which facial expressions are universal signals of emotional state. Most of the literature exploring the link between facial expressions and emotion relies on small samples and subjective judgements of emotion, so this paper examined data drawn from a commercial global database of over 70,000 studies, which yielded approximately 3.8 million frames of viewers naturalistic facial responses to video advertising content. Evidence supporting the presence of universal facial expressions was found, in the form of strong commonalities in patterns of facial expression observed via separate factor analyses of co-occurring facial action units run across 12 distinct geographical regions. Evidence was also found that these expressions relate to viewers emotional states: several of these universally observed expressions aligned with some of the “basic” emotions codified in academic literature (EMFACS), notably Happiness, Disgust and Surprise. These expressions were also observed to align with the emotional states expected to be evoked by different advertising categories and movie trailer genres. This supports the conclusion that audience facial expressions, on some dimensions, are good indicators of emotional states and can be used to infer reaction to advertising and other emotional stimuli globally.
- [Explicit metrics for implicit emotions: investigating physiological and gaze indices of learner emotions](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/explicit-metrics-for-implicit-emotions-investigating-physiological-and-gaze-indices-of-learner-emotions/): Learning experiences are intertwined with emotions, which in turn have a significant effect on learning outcomes. Therefore, digital learning environments can benefit from taking the emotional state of the learner into account. To do so, the first step is real-time emotion detection which is made possible by sensors that can continuously collect physiological and eye-tracking data. In this paper, we aimed to find features derived from skin conductance, skin temperature, and eye movements that could be used as indicators of learner emotions. Forty-four university students completed different math related tasks during which sensor data and self-reported data on the learner’s emotional state were collected. Results indicate that skin conductance response peak count, tonic skin conductance, fixation count, duration and dispersion, saccade count, duration and amplitude, and blink count and duration may be used to distinguish between different emotions. These features may be used to make learning environments more emotionally aware.
- [Impact of Message Framing and Team Identification on Pro-Social Behavior 
in Sport Team Charity Campaigns:
 Insights from Facial Expression
and Eye-Tracking Analysis](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/impact-of-message-framing-and-team-identification-on-pro-social-behavior-in-sport-team-charity-campaigns-insights-from-facial-expression-and-eye-tracking-analysis/): This research investigates the effectiveness of positive versus negative message framing in charitable messages on sport team Twitter accounts. Employing facial expression and eye-tracking analysis, the study aims to: 1) assess the influence of the emotional appeals on prosocial behaviors, 2) identify their actual viewing behaviors on the charitable messages, and 3) explore the role of team identification in responses to charity messages. The findings reveal that messages eliciting feelings of sadness result in higher levels of prosocial behavior compared to those intended to evoke happiness. Further, team-related cues in cause promotions significantly capture the attention of highly identified fans. The study enhances our understanding of emotional appeals in cause promotions and provides empirical evidence supporting the role of team identification as a key motivating factor in sport team charity campaigns. These insights are valuable for sport practitioners to develop effective charity campaigns to optimize their impact.
- [Urban façades and human stress: evaluating façades’ texture and layout](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/urban-facades-and-human-stress-evaluating-facades-texture-and-layout/): The variety of surfaces in urban environments is crucial for understanding human experiences in cities. Surfaces can influence navigation and emotional responses, particularly regarding specific façade characteristics. This study examined how spatial variables of façades-roughness, materiality, solidity-affect emotional stress and the human experience of places. An experiment using iMotions software and selected images of urban façades in New Haven, Connecticut, tracked participants' eye movements and facial reactions to these spatial features. Fifty-two participants with access to a computer contributed data to understand the relationship between stress, cognition, and façade characteristics. The analysis revealed significant correlations between stress levels and specific façade characteristics, supporting our hypothesis. Brighter, softer, and smoother façades positively correlated with gaze patterns and positive emotional expressions, reducing stress. Façades with perforation or semi-solidity façades increased fixation duration, indicating higher affordance. Consistent gaze patterns on solid façades, except semi-solid ones with minimal elements, highlighted the importance of materiality and texture in emotional responses. Emotions such as anger were linked to stimuli causing higher saccadic movements, while joy was associated with brighter stimuli and softer textures. The contrast between conscious reactions to emojis and unconscious data suggests that stress in the built environment significantly impacts subjective well-being.
- [The Role of Emotions and Imagery in Financial Decision-Making: A Comparative Analysis of Neuromarketing and Self-Report Data](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/the-role-of-emotions-and-imagery-in-financial-decision-making-a-comparative-analysis-of-neuromarketing-and-self-report-data/): Consumer financial decisions, traditionally viewed as rational, are increasingly recognized as being influenced by emotions and intuition. This study examines how imagery and emotions in financial contexts influence decision-making, specifically in hypothetical loan approvals where loan application documents include carefully selected imagery. Using a mixed-method approach, including neuromarketing methodologies such as eye-tracking and galvanic skin response (GSR), and a between-subjects experimental design utilizing self-report data, this study provides unique and granular insights into financial decision-making.In Study 1, respondents were individuals with 2 years of relevant education and business experience who were expected to apply for business loans themselves in the near future. Results indicate, via neuromarketing measures, that emotions, when influenced by imagery, take precedence over financial data in decision-making. Men (vs. women) respondents were more (vs. less) likely to approve applications with positive imagery. In Study 2, self-reported data revealed a discrepancy between emotional responses and self-reports across 320 participants. Overall, the results (1) show that specific imagery can influence loan approvals and (2) provide further evidence to the extant literature on the role of emotions in decision-making in an often perceived “calculative” financial context.
- [Eye-Tracking in Digital Pathology: A Vendor-Agnostic Platform for Standardized and Reproducible Eye-Tracking Studies](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/eye-tracking-in-digital-pathology-a-vendor-agnostic-platform-for-standardized-and-reproducible-eye-tracking-studies/): Eye-tracking technology has been increasingly utilized in various medical domains, yet its adoption in pathology remains limited. The lack of standardized methodologies and the complexity of analyzing whole-slide images pose significant challenges for applying eye-tracking in this domain. Existing studies often rely on proprietary and heterogeneous software solutions, reducing reproducibility and comparability of results across researchers. To address these issues, we present a novel eye-tracking study platform specifically designed for digital pathology. The proposed platform enables standardized and reproducible eye-tracking studies by providing a modular architecture that supports common eye-tracking software and hardware. It features a web-based frontend for study execution and a backend deployed via Docker, ensuring platformindependent usability while maintaining local data storage for privacy compliance and GDPR adherence. An experimental study was conducted with pathologists, trainees, and medical students to validate the applicability of the platform, as well as to demonstrate its reliable performance and ease-of-use. While the platform proved technically robust, areas for improvement remain. Future enhancements will focus on refining the user experience by integrating an improved tutorial system and posttask feedback mechanisms, incorporating gamification elements to boost participant engagement and data quality. Additionally, the next major version will introduce full support for whole-slide images, including zooming and advanced navigation features, to provide more comprehensive insights into pathologists' visual attention patterns. By providing a structured and adaptable research framework, our work represents a significant step toward standardizing eye-tracking research in pathology. The developed platform provides the foundation for more consistent study designs and reproducible findings, ultimately contributing to the advancement of digital pathology and diagnostic training methodologies.
- [Dyadic Case Study of Facial Communication of Affect within Psychodynamic Interpersonal Therapy](https://imotions.com/blog/publications/dyadic-case-study-of-facial-communication-of-affect-within-psychodynamic-interpersonal-therapy/): We aim to understand how patterns between the emotional facial expressions of therapist and client influence the process of Psychodynamic Interpersonal Therapy (PIT). Method: The faces of both psychotherapist and client were simultaneously video recorded over ten sessions of PIT, conducted over telehealth. The therapist, their clinical supervisor, the presenting author identified occurrences of various meaningful events throughout the psychotherapy recordings (e.g. disjunctions, relationship repairs). The video recordings were then processed via iMotions (Core and Affectiva), to identify the synchronized expression of different emotions throughout each therapy session. The facial expressions of therapist and client were then contrasted at the timepoints identified for each meaningful event. Results: Data is still being collected and yet to be analyzed. However, we will have calculated results to report in advance of the conference. Discussion: Psychotherapy contains multiple psychodynamic threads, running concurrently through multiple embodied channels (e.g. language, face, voice). It is inevitable that at some point in the therapy, the therapist will miss some of this conveyed information due to cognitive limitations or their intended meaning will be misinterpreted by the other person and unintentionally injure the therapeutic relationship. By understanding how the non-verbal expression and perception of emotions influence or parallel the verbal conversation of psychotherapy sessions, we should be able to identify the contexts under which disruptive events (e.g. relationship disjunction) and facilitative events (e.g. relationship repair) develop. The training of new psychotherapists can be improved with this more nuanced understanding of how certain facial expressions can result in consistent miscommunications, under specific therapeutic contexts.

## Events
- [Boston Academy October 2026](https://imotions.com/academy/boston-academy-october-2026/): About
- [AMCIS 2026](https://imotions.com/conferences/amcis-2026/): AMCIS 2026 (Americas Conference on Information Systems) is the annual flagship conference of the Association for Information Systems (AIS), bringing together researchers, academics, and industry professionals from across the Americas and beyond to advance the field of information systems. Taking place August 20–22, 2026, in Reno, Nevada, the conference centers on the theme "The Next Transformation" — exploring how the convergence of artificial intelligence, digital platforms, automation, and data-driven innovation is reshaping how we live, work, and interact.
- [Psychologie und Gehirn, PuG 2026](https://imotions.com/conferences/psychologie-und-gehirn-pug-2026/): PuG 2026 (Psychologie und Gehirn / Psychology and the Brain) is the 51st Annual Conference organized by the Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology Section of the German Psychological Society (DGPs) and the German Society for Psychophysiology and its Application (DGPA). Taking place June 3–6, 2026, at Heidelberg University, the conference brings together researchers and practitioners from across the fields of psychology, neuroscience, and psychophysiology to explore the neurobiological foundations of behavior and human experience.
- [2026 APS Annual Convention](https://imotions.com/conferences/2026-aps-annual-convention/): The APS Annual Convention is one of the world's leading gatherings for psychological science, bringing together researchers, practitioners, and students from across the globe. The 2026 meeting takes place May 28–30 in Barcelona, featuring plenary sessions, symposia, flash talks, posters, and professional development opportunities.
- [ARF’s AUDIENCExSCIENCE 2026](https://imotions.com/conferences/arfs-audiencexscience-2026/): AUDIENCExSCIENCE 2026 is the Advertising Research Foundation’s flagship conference focused on the future of audience measurement, media research, and marketing analytics. The event brings together leading researchers, marketers, data scientists, and media professionals to explore how emerging technologies are reshaping how audiences are understood and measured.
- [Copenhagen Academy October 2026](https://imotions.com/academy/copenhagen-academy-october-2026/): About
- [fNIRS 2026](https://imotions.com/conferences/fnirs-2026/): fNIRS 2026 is the biennial international meeting of the Society for Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (SfNIRS), bringing together researchers and practitioners in optical brain imaging and neurophotonics. Scheduled for October 16–19, 2026 in Macau, China, the conference showcases cutting-edge developments in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) and related methodologies for studying brain function and behavior.
- [MAD Fest London 2026](https://imotions.com/conferences/mad-fest-london-2026/): MAD Fest London 2026 is the UK’s leading festival for market research, data, analytics and insights professionals, bringing together thinkers, practitioners and innovators from across the industry. Held in London, the event showcases cutting-edge thinking, practical case studies and forward-looking strategies that shape the future of data-driven decision-making.
- [Cannes Lions 2026](https://imotions.com/conferences/cannes-lions-2026/): Cannes Lions 2026 is the International Festival of Creativity held each year in Cannes, France, gathering the global advertising, marketing, media, and creative communications community. Running 22–26 June 2026, the five-day Festival brings together creative leaders, industry innovators, brands, and agencies from around the world to explore game-changing ideas and celebrate the very best in creative work.
- [TeaP 2026](https://imotions.com/conferences/teap-2026/): TeaP 2026 (Tagung experimentell arbeitender Psycholog*innen) is a leading conference in experimental psychology, bringing together early-career and established researchers from across Germany, Europe, and beyond. Held annually since 1958, the conference covers a broad range of fields including biological, cognitive, developmental, and social psychology, as well as related disciplines.
- [Boston Academy June 2026](https://imotions.com/academy/boston-academy-june-2026/): About
- [MRMW APAC 2026](https://imotions.com/conferences/mrmw-apac-2026/): MRMW APAC is a leading conference focused on innovative approaches to market research, consumer insights, and analytics in the Asia-Pacific region. The event brings together researchers, brands, agencies, and technology providers to explore how new methods, tools, and data sources are transforming the way consumer behavior is measured and understood.
- [EUROSENSE 2026](https://imotions.com/conferences/eurosense-2026/): EUROSENSE is a conference focused on understanding how consumers perceive, experience, and respond to products. Bringing together researchers and practitioners from sensory science and consumer research, the event explores how sensory input, emotion, and perception shape real-world product experiences.
- [ESOMAR Congress 2026](https://imotions.com/conferences/esomar-congress-2026/): The ESOMAR Congress 2026, organized by ESOMAR, brings together insights, analytics, and research leaders from around the world. The congress serves as a global forum for exploring how research, data, and human understanding are evolving in response to technological, societal, and business change.
- [ECEM 2026](https://imotions.com/conferences/ecem-2026/): ECEM 2026, hosted by Ulm University, brings together researchers from psychology, neuroscience, computer science, linguistics, and related fields to advance the study of eye movements. The conference serves as a key forum for presenting research on visual perception, attention, reading, scene processing, and human–computer interaction.
- [AOM 2026](https://imotions.com/conferences/aom-2026/): The Academy of Management Annual Meeting, organized by the Academy of Management (AOM), is one of the world’s largest gatherings of management and organization scholars. The conference brings together researchers from across disciplines to present and discuss cutting-edge research on organizations, leadership, strategy, innovation, and work behavior.
- [NeuroErgonomics Conference 2026](https://imotions.com/conferences/neuroergonomics-conference-2026/): The NeuroErgonomics Conference 2026 brings together researchers and practitioners focused on understanding brain function in real-world environments. The conference centers on how neuroscience methods can be applied to study human performance, cognition, and behavior in complex, everyday settings.
- [JURE 2026](https://imotions.com/conferences/jure-2026/): JURE 2026, organized by the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction (EARLI), is an international conference dedicated to junior researchers in the field of learning and instruction. The event provides a supportive environment for early-career scholars to present their work, receive feedback, and engage in academic exchange.
- [AMS 2026](https://imotions.com/conferences/ams-2026/): The AMS Annual Conference, hosted by the Academy of Marketing Science, brings together marketing scholars and researchers from around the world to share advances in marketing theory, methodology, and empirical research. The conference provides a platform for presenting cutting-edge work across a broad range of marketing domains.
- [Spaceflight Human Optimization & Performance 2026](https://imotions.com/conferences/spaceflight-human-optimization-performance-2026/): The Spaceflight Human Optimization Conference brings together researchers, clinicians, engineers, and industry experts focused on optimizing human performance, health, and resilience in spaceflight environments. The conference explores how physiology, psychology, neuroscience, and technology intersect to support humans operating in extreme and isolated conditions.
- [Autonomous Inland & Short Sea Shipping Conference](https://imotions.com/conferences/autonomous-inland-short-sea-shipping-conference/): The Autonomous Inland & Short Sea Shipping Conference (AISS) 2026 takes place 24–25 March 2026 in Düsseldorf, Germany, in conjunction with XPONENTIAL Europe. The conference promotes technical and scientific exchange across industry, academia, and public authorities in the areas of autonomous inland and short sea shipping, port logistics, and smart waterborne logistics.
- [MRS Annual Conference 2026](https://imotions.com/conferences/mrs-annual-conference-2026/): The MRS Annual Conference, hosted by the Market Research Society, brings together research professionals, insights leaders, and industry innovators from across the market and social research community. The conference focuses on the evolving role of research in business, society, and decision-making.
- [NZOZ 2026 Sensory and Consumer Science Symposium](https://imotions.com/conferences/nzoz-2026-sensory-and-consumer-science-symposium/): The NZOZ Food Industry Conference 2026, hosted by the Australian Institute of Food Science and Technology (AIFST), brings together food science and technology professionals from across New Zealand and Australia. The conference provides a forum for sharing research, industry developments, and practical insights across the food and beverage sector.
- [The Marketing Analytics Symposium Sydney (MASS) 2026](https://imotions.com/conferences/the-marketing-analytics-symposium-sydney-mass-2026/): The Marketing Analytics Symposium Sydney 2026, hosted at UNSW Sydney, brings together researchers and practitioners working at the intersection of marketing, data science, and analytics. The symposium provides a focused forum for discussing methodological advances, analytical techniques, and empirical research that deepen our understanding of consumer behavior and marketing effectiveness.
- [FG Rezeptions- und Wirkungsforschung der DGPuK](https://imotions.com/conferences/fg-rezeptions-und-wirkungsforschung-der-dgpuk/): Join Dr. Markus Schonberger at the DGPuK Specialist Group Conference on Reception and Effects Research, hosted by the Department of Media and Communication Studies at the University of Klagenfurt (AAU). The conference brings together researchers and scholars focused on understanding how media content is perceived, processed, and experienced by audiences
- [CES 2026](https://imotions.com/conferences/ces-2026/): Join us in Las Vegas from January 6–9, 2026 for CES, the world’s most influential technology event. CES brings together global innovators, industry leaders, and emerging startups to showcase the technologies shaping the future—from AI and mobility to digital health and human-centered design.
- [ANZMAC 2025](https://imotions.com/conferences/anzmac-2025/): Join us in Sydney from 1–3 December 2025 for the Australian & New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference. Hosted at Macquarie University, ANZMAC 2025 brings together academics, industry leaders, and marketing professionals to explore the theme “Riding the Waves: Navigating Marketing’s Dynamic Landscape.” Expect cutting-edge research, inspiring keynote speakers, lightning talks, and networking opportunities in one of the world’s most vibrant cities.
- [Market Research Forum 2025](https://imotions.com/conferences/67166/): Organized by ASSIRM, Market Research Forum 2025 is Italy’s leading event dedicated to market, social, and opinion research. Taking place in Milan on November 19, 2025, the Forum brings together researchers, businesses, academics, and institutions to explore the latest trends, methodologies, and innovations shaping the research industry. Market Research Forum 2025 is a unique opportunity to share knowledge, debate the role of research in a rapidly evolving society, and network with leading professionals across sectors.
- [Certamente](https://imotions.com/conferences/certamente/): CERTAMENTE is Italy’s first and leading conference on neuromarketing and behavioural sciences applied to business.
- [Exploring Attention, Emotion & Human Behavior](https://imotions.com/meetup/exploring-attention-emotion-human-behavior/): Sign up here!
- [1 Day workshop fNIRS Multimodal Research with Artinis and iMotions](https://imotions.com/meetup/1-day-workshop-fnirs-multimodal-research-with-artinis-and-imotions/): Introduction to fNIRS multimodal research with Artinis and iMotions
- [Attention 2025](https://imotions.com/conferences/attention-2025/): The measurement of attention in advertising continues to evolve, redefining how advertisers assess ad creative and media quality. In practice, the broad term “attention” encompasses direct observations of individuals noticing, focusing on, or responding to stimuli and various proxy signals that many argue represent scalable indicators of human attention. As AI becomes more sophisticated and ubiquitous, algorithms trained on massive datasets of prior direct tests now compete by providing synthetic predictions of attention.
- [ESOMAR Congress 2025 ](https://imotions.com/conferences/esomar-congress-2025/): ESOMAR Congress is a flagship global event for the data, research, and insights community. Bringing together professionals from across the industry, the conference offers a dynamic program of keynote presentations, panel discussions, and case studies that highlight the evolving role of data-driven decision-making in business and society. ESOMAR Congress serves as a platform for sharing innovative methodologies, emerging technologies, and thought leadership, fostering collaboration and setting future directions for the insights industry.
- [NeuroBusiness Conference](https://imotions.com/conferences/neurobusiness-conference/): The NeuroBusiness Conference explores innovative techniques and the latest trends in the neuroscience field, providing invaluable knowledge for industry professionals and academics alike while fostering a dynamic community for collaboration and idea exchange.
- [Pangborn Sensory Science Symposium](https://imotions.com/conferences/pangborn-sensory-science-symposium/): The Pangborn Sensory Science Symposium is a globally recognized event dedicated to the advancement of sensory and consumer science. Bringing together researchers, industry professionals, and academics, the symposium showcases the latest developments in sensory perception, consumer behavior, and product experience. Through a mix of scientific presentations, interactive sessions, and networking opportunities, Pangborn fosters interdisciplinary dialogue and highlights innovative approaches to understanding the human sensory experience in food, beverages, and beyond.
- [N.E.W. Conference 2025](https://imotions.com/conferences/n-e-w-conference-2025/): The third edition of the Neuroscience of the Everyday World Conference is bringing together leaders in the fields of computer science, biomedical engineering, cognitive science, neurology, and clinical neuroscience to present state-of-the-art research, all focused on the study of human brain function and continuous brain measurement in real-world activities. The presentations will all focus on innovative methodologies, different real-world contexts, and a range of healthy and disease states.
- [IEEE EMBC 2025](https://imotions.com/conferences/ieee-embc-2025/): The IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Conference (EMBC) is a leading international forum for researchers, clinicians, and professionals at the intersection of engineering, medicine, and biology. The conference features a diverse program of technical sessions, workshops, and keynote presentations covering topics such as biomedical engineering, healthcare technologies, neural engineering, and wearable systems. EMBC fosters interdisciplinary collaboration and showcases innovative research that advances the development of medical and biological technologies to improve health outcomes worldwide.
- [Cannes Lions 2025](https://imotions.com/conferences/cannes-lions-2025/): The Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity is a globally renowned event celebrating excellence in creative communications, advertising, and marketing. Bringing together professionals from across the creative industries, the festival features inspiring talks, award ceremonies, and workshops led by some of the most influential voices in the field. It serves as a hub for innovation, networking, and showcasing groundbreaking work that pushes the boundaries of brand storytelling and creative strategy.
- [ICA 2025](https://imotions.com/conferences/ica-2025/): Find us at booth 113 in the exhibition hall. Interested in a free 20-minute demo? Sign up here!
- [NeuroPsychoEconomics Conference 2025](https://imotions.com/conferences/neuropsychoeconomics-conference-2025/): Founded in 2005, the Association for NeuroPsychoEconomics integrates the fields of neuroeconomics, decision neuroscience, consumer neuroscience, neuromarketing, neuro-IS, and neurofinance. The conference also features work in behavioral domains, including behavioral decision making and behavioral economics.
- [AIA Conference on Architecture & Design 2025](https://imotions.com/conferences/aia-conference-on-architecture-design-2025/): Anchored by four days of immersive learning, inspiring keynotes, architect-led tours, networking events, and the industry's largest expo, AIA25 will spark real-time innovation, discovery, and engagement.
- [Academy of Marketing Science Annual Conference](https://imotions.com/conferences/academy-of-marketing-science-annual-conference/): The Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) is the premier professional association for marketing academics. Since 1971, AMS events and publications have connected scholars from across the globe seeking innovative solutions to drive scholarship about the practice of marketing. The conference features a wide range of sessions, including refereed paper sessions, research-in-progress sessions, panels, workshops, and other special invited sessions. In addition to the academic sessions, AMS conferences also offer a variety of social and networking opportunities, such as nightly receptions and an awards banquets.
- [Quirk’s London](https://imotions.com/conferences/quirks-london/): The Quirk’s Events are two-day gatherings of client-side researchers and their supplier partners featuring concurrent tracks of 30-minute sessions on all aspects of marketing research.
- [Affective(ly) Research 2025](https://imotions.com/conferences/affectively-research-2025/): In collaboration with Center for Marketing and Sales Innovation at USF, Affective(ly) Research is an annual in-person gathering where researchers working with biometrics and emotional insights gather to collaborate and exchange best practices.
- [iMotions Academy L2 US Feb 2025](https://imotions.com/academy/imotions-academy-l2-us-feb-2025/): About
- [Copenhagen Academy Oct 2025](https://imotions.com/academy/copenhagen-academy-oct-2025/): About
- [Copenhagen Academy Feb 2025](https://imotions.com/academy/copenhagen-academy-feb-2025/): About
- [Flavorcon](https://imotions.com/conferences/flavorcon/)
- [Copenhagen Academy October 2024](https://imotions.com/academy/copenhagen-academy-october-2024/): About
- [Boston Academy June 2024](https://imotions.com/academy/boston-academy-june-2024/): About
- [Copenhagen Academy Level 2 May 2024](https://imotions.com/academy/copenhagen-academy-level-2-may-2024/): Academy Level II is here!
- [Singapore Academy April 2024](https://imotions.com/academy/singapore-academy-april-2024/): About
- [Copenhagen Academy February 2024](https://imotions.com/academy/copenhagen-academy-february-2024/): About
- [Sydney Academy November 2023](https://imotions.com/academy/brisbane-academy-november-2023/): About
- [Barcelona Academy Junio 2023 – En Español](https://imotions.com/academy/barcelona-academy-junio-2023/): Barcelona Academy Junio 2023 – El Programa de Certificación de la Academia, de 5 días de duración, está adaptado para proporcionar valor a investigadores y empresas de diferentes industrias y con distintos niveles de experiencia y necesidades de información. Nuestra agenda incluye conocimientos teóricos y las mejores prácticas para satisfacer diferentes objetivos y casos de uso de investigación biométrica. La formación práctica con biosensores permite a los asistentes dominar el diseño y la ejecución de estudios, así como el análisis de datos y la presentación de resultados desde el estudio hasta el informe.
- [Singapore Academy April 2023](https://imotions.com/academy/singapore-academy-april-2023/): About
- [CES](https://imotions.com/conferences/ces/)
- [Copenhagen Academy Sept 2023](https://imotions.com/academy/copenhagen-academy-sept-2023/): The iMotions Academy is available at €2200 (excl. VAT) per person at the Copenhagen Academy. Request full details, as well as pricing for Boston and Singapore Academies.
- [Boston Academy June 2023](https://imotions.com/academy/boston-academy-june-2023/): Attendees are presented with an iMotions Academy Certificate following program completion.
- [Copenhagen Academy January 2023](https://imotions.com/academy/copenhagen-academy-january-2023/): The iMotions Academy is available at €2100 (excl. VAT) per person at the Copenhagen Academy. Request full details, as well as pricing for Boston and Singapore Academies.
- [13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics](https://imotions.com/conferences/13th-international-conference-on-applied-human-factors-and-ergonomics/)
- [Copenhagen Academy March 2023](https://imotions.com/academy/copenhagen-academy-august-2022/): The iMotions Academy is available at €2100 (excl. VAT) per person at the Copenhagen Academy. Request full details, as well as pricing for Boston and Singapore Academies.

## Release Notes
- [iMotions Lab 11.1.6](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-lab-11-1-6/): Core
- [iMotions 11.1.5](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-11-1-5/): Core
- [iMotions 11.1.4](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-11-1-4/): Core
- [iMotions 11.1.3](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-11-1-3/): Core
- [iMotions 11.1.2](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-11-1-2/): Core
- [iMotions 11.1.1](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-11-1-1/): Core
- [iMotions 11.1.0](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-11-1-0/): Core
- [iMotions 11.0.6](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-11-0-6/): Core
- [iMotions 11.0.5](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-11-0-5/): Core
- [iMotions 11.0.4](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-11-0-4/): Core
- [iMotions 11.0.1](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-11-0-1/): Core
- [iMotions 11](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-11/): Facial Expression Analysis
- [iMotions 10.1.18](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-1-18/): Core
- [iMotions 10.1.17](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-1-17/): Core
- [iMotions 10.1.16](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-1-16/): Core
- [iMotions 10.1.15](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-1-15/): Core
- [iMotions 10.1.14](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-1-14-2/): Core
- [iMotions 10.1.13](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-1-13/): Core
- [iMotions 10.1.12](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-1-12/): Core
- [iMotions 10.1.11](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-1-11/): Core
- [iMotions 10.1.10](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-1-10/): Core
- [iMotions 10.1.9](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-9-1/): Core
- [iMotions 10.1.8](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-1-8/): Core
- [iMotions 10.1.7](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-1-7/): Core
- [iMotions 10.1.6](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-1-6/): Core
- [iMotions 10.1.5](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-1-5/): Read more about iMotions Lab's Survey Tool and survey features.
- [iMotions 10.1.4](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-1-4/): Core
- [iMotions 10.1.3](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-1-3/): Core
- [iMotions 10.1.2](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-1-2/): Core
- [iMotions 10.1.1](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-1-1/): Core
- [iMotions 10.1.0](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-1-0/): Core
- [iMotions 10.0.12](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-0-12/): Core
- [iMotions 10.0.11](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-0-11/): Core
- [iMotions 10.0.10](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-0-10/): Core
- [iMotions 10.0.9](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-0-9/): CoreFixed an issue which caused the application to stop when adding a signal flow to an analysis
- [iMotions 10.0.8](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-0-8/): This release is a maintenance release and corrects a number of bugs.
- [iMotions 10.0.7](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-0-7/): Core
- [iMotions 10.0.6](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-0-6/): Core
- [iMotions 10.0.5](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-0-5/): Core
- [iMotions 10.0.4](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-0-4/): Core
- [iMotions 10.0.3](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotion-10-0-3/): Core
- [iMotions 10.0.2](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-0-2/): Bug corrections Core Scenes are now shown after their parent stimuli, rather than before We fixed an issue with the video export failing if a video stimulus' sound was muted We solved an issue with merging multimodal studies with post imported VR studies We fixed some bugs related to duplicate stimuli not being correctly handled when working with multiple study flows We made stability improvements to the drag and drop functionality in the study builder UI Resolved an issue where blocks could be created with the same name We resolved some issues with legacy studies converted into iMotions 10 format Resolved an issue where not all changes where updated for a study flow Fixing special case where a batch job finish triggers an unhandled error Fixing issue in the Gaze Map Editor, to now support Video/Recording stimuli with names where comma is included Fixed an issue when cancel adding a survey slide that already exists with the same name Eye Tracking We fixed some issues with Neon glasses Prevented an exception from occurring when applying gaze mapping for a web scene Fixed issue of wrongly deletion of gaze mappings in the scene editor Fixing issue in Smart Eye Smart Recorder data importer of not finding video file not named cam000
- [iMotions 10.0.1](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10-0-1/): Bug corrections Core Global Settings will again retain the selected LSL profile We updated the way how you can delete gaze mappings that are no longer needed Mouse data is again surfaced for website recordings We fixed an issue that could prevent RDC calibration slides from iMotions 9 studies to work in iMotions 10 We fixed an issue that would prevent adding an analysis for post imported face recordings Eye Tracking NA values from imported Viewpointsystem files are now skipped We fixed an issue when trying to import a Pupil Neon recording with very long duration
- [iMotions 10](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-10/): FEATURE ADDITIONS
- [iMotions 9.4.4](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-4-4/): Feature additions For Smart Eye Pro adding new Gaze in scene study option. Removing support for running iMotions and Smart Recorder in parallel Bug corrections Core Resolved connection issues for LSL and ABM devices Resolved an issue exporting annotation comments containing delimiter such as comma Eye Tracking Fixing Tobii Glasses 3 import data dialog crash issues
- [iMotions 9.4.3](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-4-3/): Bug corrections Core Fixed an issue with import of Pupil Glasses data
- [iMotions 9.4.2](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-4-2/): Core
- [iMotions 9.4.1](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-4-1/): Core
- [iMotions 9.4.0](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-4-0/): We are thrilled to release our new Voice Analysis module together with audEERING.
- [iMotions 9.3.23](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-23/): Core
- [iMotions 9.3.22](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-22/): Core
- [iMotions 9.3.21](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-21/): Core
- [iMotions 9.3.20](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-20/): Feature Additions Speech to text transcription is now available for Hindi and Japanese Mp4 videos are now supported for Viewpointsystem eye tracking glasses We made significant performance improvements to how iMotions collects videos An option has been added to skip gaze calibration for Smart Eye Pro eye trackers Bug Corrections We fixed an issue with WebET post-processing not starting in iMotions
- [iMotions 9.3.19](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-19/): Core
- [iMotions 9.3.18](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-18/): Core
- [iMotions 9.3.17](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-17/): Feature Additions Sensor data is exporting significantly faster now Bug Corrections Importing data from eye tracking glasses and VR headsets works again iMotions can now better handle the case of a high number of short sub-intervals to an Annotation We solved an issue with video exports showing black frames at the start of the video snippet We resolved an issue with reshaping duplicated AOIs
- [iMotions 9.3.16](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-16/): Video directly from Neon. The cameras fisheye lens gives a wider field of view than most other eye tracking glasses which can be useful in some situations and gives a better understanding of what the wearer could see.
- [iMotions 9.3.15](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-15/): Core
- [iMotions 9.3.14](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-14/): Core
- [iMotions 9.0.11](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-0-11/): Core
- [iMotions 9.0.12](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-0-12/): Core
- [iMotions 9.1.0](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-1-0/): Core
- [iMotions 9.3.13](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-13/): Core
- [iMotions 9.3.12](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-12/): Core
- [iMotions 9.3.11](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-11/): Core
- [iMotions 9.3.10](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-10/): Core
- [iMotions 9.3.9](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-9/): Core
- [iMotions 9.3.8](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-8/): Core
- [iMotions 9.3.7](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-7/): Feature additions We have optimized the processing of various R export functions, including heart rate, Heart Rate Variability (HRV), respiration processing, FACET thresholding, and Realeyes processing.  We have expanded support for LSL connections of EMG devices We have updated and optimized the screen recording capabilities in iMotions. Screen recordings can now be completed in MP4 format, which utilizes the GPU and frees up the CPU for other tasks. This update also allows for the recording of system audio Bug corrections An occasional issue with the loading of study files has been fixed We fixed an issue with auto-saving of AOIs We solved an issue in which R-Notebooks sometimes failed to export if the first participant did not have any data. 
- [iMotions 9.3.6](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-6/): Eye Tracking
- [iMotions 9.3.5](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-5/): Core
- [iMotions 9.3.4](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-4/): Core
- [iMotions 9.3.3](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-3/): Core
- [iMotions 9.3.2](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-2-2/): Core
- [iMotions 9.3.1](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-1/): Core
- [iMotions 9.3.0](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-3-0/): Core
- [iMotions 9.2.2](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-2-2/): Core
- [iMotions 9.2.1](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-2-1/): Core
- [iMotions 9.2.0](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-2-0/): Lab Release Notes: iMotions 9.2.0 Feature additions It is now possible to automate the placement of Annotations using recorded events and manually placed markers 3D gaze as well as other data from Viewpointsystem eye tracking glasses is now supported iMotions now supports the newest version of the Affectiva algorithm including new metrics for confusion, sentimentality, and blink rate
- [iMotions 9.1.8](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-1-8/): Core
- [iMotions 9.1.7](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-1-7/): Core
- [iMotions 9.1.6](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-1-6/): Core
- [iMotions 9.1.5](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-1-5/): Core
- [iMotions 9.1.4](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-1-4/): Core
- [iMotions 9.1.3](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-1-3/): Core
- [iMotions 9.1.2](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-1-2/): Core
- [iMotions 9.1.1](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-1-1/): Core
- [iMotions 9.0.10](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/9-0-10/): Core
- [iMotions 9.0.9](https://imotions.com/products/imotions-lab/release-notes/imotions-9-0-9/): Core

## Brochures
- [Benchmarking Facial Action Coding at Scale: AFFDEX 2.0 vs. Open-Source Toolkits](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/affdex-2-0-vs-open-source-toolkits/): We benchmark three facial analysis toolkits—AFFDEX 2.0, OpenFace 2.0, and LibreFace — on a large-scale, in-the-wild corpus of 7,805 videos (∼10.5M frames) spanning diverse demographic groups. While face-detection coverage is comparable between AFFDEX 2.0 and OpenFace 2.0 (both near 95%), LibreFace detects faces in fewer frames (83%).
- [iMotions Research Report 2025](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/imotions-research-report-2025/): Discover how the world’s leading researchers are leveraging biometric technology to decode human behavior. The iMotions 2025 Research Report provides an inspiring overview of groundbreaking studies published this past year, spanning clinical research, UX, human factors, and beyond.
- [Emotion Detection in Commercial Applications](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/emotion-detection-in-commercial-applications/): Comprehensive best practice guidelines for researchers conducting multimodal online research. Developed by experts from iMotions and audEERING, the paper explores how combining voice analysis, facial expression analysis (FEA), and respiration metrics can provide deeper consumer insights than traditional surveys alone.
- [iMotions Education](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/imotions-education/): Unlock the potential of neuroscience education with iMotions Education. This browser-based platform provides an intuitive and comprehensive tool for understanding human behavior through experiential learning. Ideal for students and novice users, iMotions Education allows for the creation and analysis of studies right from a laptop. With features like advanced webcam eye tracking, facial expression analysis, and customizable surveys, students can capture nonconscious responses to various stimuli. Perfect for classroom teaching, this platform supports interactive, real-world research experiences, enabling students to manage and analyze data efficiently. Download the brochure to explore how iMotions Education can transform your educational approach.
- [Software Update Fall 2025](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/software-update-fall-2025/): We have focused on expanding analysis capabilities and streamlining the research workflow to gain deeper human insights. Key new features are designed to keep more of your work within the iMotions platform. Researchers can now build more powerful studies with Advanced Surveys, which include complex logic functionalities and customizable appearances. For analysis, a new Data Visualization Dashboard allows you to create multimodal visualizations like bar graphs and scatterplots directly within iMotions. The Replay functionality is improved with a continuous study timeline and an Analysis Metrics Panel for side-by-side comparison of summary metrics across different stimuli. We have also deepened our capabilities in quantifying emotional expressions, thanks to our merger with Affectiva and partnership with AudEERing.
- [iMotions Products and Services](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/imotions-products-and-services/): Get an overview of all of iMotions products and services.
- [Affectiva Media Analytics](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/affectiva-media-analytics/): Product sheet for Affectiva Media Analytics.
- [Automated Areas of Interest: Advancing eye-tracking analysis](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/automated-areas-of-interest-advancing-eye-tracking-analysis/): Areas of Interest (AOIs) are one of the most powerful eye tracking analysis tools, allowing researchers to connect people's eye orientation to objects in their environment.
- [fNIRS Pocket Guide](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/fnirs-pocket-guide/): Renowned for its portability, resilience to movement, and suitability for participants of all ages, fNIRS has become an invaluable asset in modern research.
- [Driver Monitoring System Evaluation Tool](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/driver-monitoring-system-evaluation-tool/): This brochure introduces a Driver Monitoring System (DMS) Evaluation Tool designed to simplify and validate DMS tests. The tool allows users to select and perform various scenarios, including Euro NCAP Long Distraction, Short Multiple Distractions (VATS), phone Use, General Safety Regulation Advanced Driver Distraction Warning (GSR ADDW), and General Safety Regulation Driver Drowsiness and Attention Warning (GSR DDAW. Additionally, users can define and customize their own cockpit research tasks with specific gaze locations or timings.
- [iMotions Remote Data Collection Guide](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/imotions-remote-data-collection-guide/): A practical guide to designing, conducting, and analyzing remote human behavior research using iMotions technology.
- [iMotions Remote Data Collection](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/imotions-remote-data-collection/): Read about the iMotions Remote Data Collection platform and how it breaks down boundaries in human behavior research.
- [Affectiva-MIT Facial Expression Dataset (AM-FED): Naturalistic and Spontaneous Facial Expressions Collected “In-the-Wild”](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/affectiva-mit-facial-expression-dataset-am-fed-naturalistic-and-spontaneous-facial-expressions-collected-in-the-wild/): Computer classification of facial expressions requires large amounts of data and this data needs to reflect the diversity of conditions seen in real applications. Public datasets help accelerate the progress of research by providing researchers with a benchmark resource. We present a comprehensively labeled dataset of ecologically valid spontaneous facial responses recorded in natural settings over the Internet. To collect the data, online viewers watched one of three intentionally amusing Super Bowl commercials and were simultaneously filmed using their webcam. They answered three self-report questions about their experience. A subset of viewers additionally gave consent for their data to be shared publicly with other researchers. This subset consists of 242 facial videos (168, 359 frames) recorded in real world conditions. The dataset is comprehensively labeled for the following: 1) frame-by-frame labels for the presence of 10 symmetrical FACS action units, 4 asymmetric (unilateral) FACS action units, 2 head movements, smile, general expressiveness, feature tracker fails and gender, 2) the location of 22 automatically detected landmark points, 3) self-report responses of familiarity with, liking of, and desire to watch again for the stimuli videos and 4) baseline performance of detection algorithms on this dataset.
- [Predicting Online Media Effectiveness Based on Smile Responses Gathered Over the Internet](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/predicting-online-media-effectiveness-based-on-smile-responses-gathered-over-the-internet/): To determine whether a viewer liked a piece of media and would like to see it again, researchers have traditionally relied on self-reported surveys on a panel of participants. In this researcher conducted on the data which has since been released as the Affectiva-MIT Facial Expression Dataset (AM-FED), researchers used automated methods to classify individual “liking” and “desire to view again”. While still a modest dataset, this work shows that we can obtain data similar to that obtained through intrusive surveys simply by observing facial expressions of viewers.
- [Choose Settings Carefully: Comparing Action Unit Detection At Different Settings Using A Large-Scale Dataset](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/choose-settings-carefully-comparing-action-unit-detection-at-different-settings-using-a-large-scale-dataset/): In this paper, we investigate the impact of some of the commonly used settings for (a) preprocessing face images, and (b) classification and training, on Action Unit (AU) detection performance and complexity. We use in our investigation a large-scale dataset, consisting of ~55K videos collected in the wild for participants watching commercial ads. The preprocessing settings include scaling the face to a fixed resolution, changing the color information (RGB to gray-scale), aligning the face, and cropping AU regions, while the classification and training settings include the kind of classifier (multi-label vs. binary) and the amount of data used for training models. To the best of our knowledge, no work had investigated the effect of those settings on AU detection. In our analysis we use CNNs as our baseline classification model.
- [Predicting Ad Liking and Purchase Intent: Large-scale Analysis of Facial Responses to Ads](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/predicting-ad-liking-and-purchase-intent-large-scale-analysis-of-facial-responses-to-ads/): Can we predict the impact of a piece of advertising on the viewer’s ‘liking’ and ‘purchase intent’ simply by observing how viewers react? This paper published by researchers from the MIT Media Lab, in association with Affectiva and MARS, suggest we can. Focused on the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) categories, this study analyzes over 12,000 responses to 170 ads collected in 4 European countries.  To do this they employ Affectiva’s online platform to collect data from over a thousand individuals and focus on a few keys self-reported responses from individual viewers:
- [Aurora Performance Report for Practical Use Case Scenario](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/aurora-performance-report-for-practical-use-case-scenario/): This report presents key performance indicators for the Aurora when utilized in a practical setting mirroring realworld use cases. For additional information on the diagrams and the terminology used in them, see the appendix at the end of the document.
- [Yarbus in the age of Webcam Eye-Tracking](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/yarbus-in-the-age-of-webcam-eye-tracking/): Date: August 2022Conference: European Conference on Eye MovementsAffiliation: iMotionsAuthors: Divya Seernani, Amandine Grappe, Andrew Korepanov, Kåre Jensen, Kerstin Wolf, Jessica M. Wilson, Nadia Pedersen
- [Eye-tracking capabilities in evaluating human factors during cognitive and motor tasks](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/eye-tracking-capabilities-in-evaluating-human-factors-during-cognitive-and-motor-tasks/): Date: December 2022Conference: 10th Asian Symposium on Process Systems EngineeringAuthors: Divya Seernani, Pernille Bülow, Jessica M. Wilson
- [Multimodal biometric data collection of interpersonal communication](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/multimodal-biometric-data-collection-of-interpersonal-communication/): Date: May 2023Conference: 73rd Annual International Communications Association Conference
- [WebET 3.0 – Validation Study](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/webet-3-0-validation-study/): June 2023
- [Systematic Evaluation of Driver’s Behavior: A Multimodal Biometric Study](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/systematic-evaluation-of-drivers-behavior-a-multimodal-biometric-study/): DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-36004-6_9In book: HCI International 2023 Posters (pp.57-64)Authors:Michela Minen, Luisina Gregoret, Divya Seernani, Jessica M. Wilson
- [iMotions Research Report 2024](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/imotions-research-report-2024/): This in-depth document offers a detailed look at the scientific landscape as powered by iMotions software, showcasing groundbreaking research and the impact of our tools in various scientific and industrial fields.
- [Which CNNs and Training Settings to Choose for Action Unit Detection? A Study Based on a Large-Scale Dataset](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/which-cnns-and-training-settings-to-choose-for-action-unit-detection-a-study-based-on-a-large-scale-dataset/): In this paper we explore the influence of some frequently used Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), training settings, and training set structures, on Action Unit (AU) detection. Specifically, we first compare 10 different shallow and deep CNNs in AU detection. Second, we investigate how the different training settings (i.e. centering/normalizing the inputs, using different augmentation severities, and balancing the data) impact the performance in AU detection. Third, we explore the effect of increasing the number of labelled subjects and frames in the training set on the AU detection performance. These comparisons provide the research community with useful tips about the choice of different CNNs and training settings in AU detection. In our analysis, we use a large-scale naturalistic dataset, consisting of ~55K videos captured in the wild. To the best of our knowledge, there is no work that had investigated the impact of such settings on a large-scale AU dataset.
- [Automatic Detection of Sentimentality from Facial Expressions](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/automatic-detection-of-sentimentality-from-facial-expressions/): Emotion recognition has received considerable attention from the Computer Vision community in the last 20 years. However, most of the research focused on analyzing the six basic emotions (e.g. joy, anger, surprise), with a limited work directed to other affective states. In this paper, we tackle sentimentality (strong feeling of heartwarming or nostalgia), a new emotional state that has few works in the literature, and no guideline defining its facial markers. To this end, we first collect a dataset of 4.9K videos of participants watching some sentimental and non-sentimental ads, and then we label the moments evoking sentimentality in the ads. Second, we use the ad-level labels and the facial Action Units (AUs) activation across different frames for defining some weak framelevel sentimentality labels. Third, we train a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) using the AUs activation for sentimentality detection. Finally, we define two new ad-level metrics for evaluating our model performance. Quantitative and qualitative results show promising results for sentimentality detection. To the best of our knowledge this is the first work to address the problem of sentimentality detection.
- [AFFDEX 2.0: A Real-Time Facial Expression Analysis Toolkit](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/affdex-2-0-a-real-time-facial-expression-analysis-toolkit/): In this paper we introduce AFFDEX 2.0 – a toolkit for analyzing facial expressions in the wild, that is, it is intended for users aiming to; a) estimate the 3D head pose, b) detect facial Action Units (AUs), c) recognize basic emotions and 2 new emotional states (sentimentality and confusion), and d) detect high-level expressive metrics like blink and attention. AFFDEX 2.0 models are mainly based on Deep Learning, and are trained using a large-scale naturalistic dataset consisting of thousands of participants from different demographic groups. AFFDEX 2.0 is an enhanced version of our previous toolkit , that is capable of tracking efficiently faces at more challenging conditions, detecting more accurately facial expressions, and recognizing new emotional states (sentimentality and confusion). AFFDEX 2.0 can process multiple faces in real time, and is working across the Windows and Linux platforms.
- [Eye Tracking Analysis Guide](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/eye-tracking-analysis-guide/): A compact yet comprehensive guide covering fundamental eye tracking principles, analysis techniques, and best practices to help you make the most of your data. Whether you're new to eye tracking or looking to refine your skills, this guide is an essential companion.
- [Infographic: The Science of Eye Tracking](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/infographic-the-science-of-eye-tracking/): In this infographic, we use a 3D simulation to illustrate how eye tracking detects where a person is looking by analyzing the reflection on the cornea and the position of the pupil center. Infrared light creates a strong reflection, allowing the system to accurately calculate the gaze direction.
- [Infant Research Pocket Guide](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/infant-research-pocket-guide/): This guide explores advancements in infant research using biosensors, highlighting health markers, autism detection, parent-infant interactions, and iMotions' data analysis support.
- [EMG Pocket Guide](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/emg-pocket-guide/): Learn the basics of EMG in iMotions' guide, from muscle activity measurement to applications in emotions, stress, and UX research. Practical insights refine understanding of human responses.
- [Student Guide to Data Analysis in iMotions Online](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/student-guide-to-data-analysis-in-imotions-online/): Explore the comprehensive Student Guide to Data Analysis in iMotions Online, designed to help students navigate the complexities of data analysis using this powerful platform. This guide provides step-by-step instructions on utilizing visualizations, gaze paths, heat maps, signal overlays, and areas of interest (AOIs) to extract meaningful insights from your research. Ideal for both novice and advanced users, the guide covers essential analysis techniques and offers practical tips for combining eye-tracking and facial expression data to enhance your studies. Download now to transform your data into impactful research findings with ease and precision.
- [Smart Eye Pro module](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/smart-eye-pro-module/): Explore the Smart Eye Pro module, designed for iMotions Lab. This guide showcases the unparalleled capabilities of the world's most advanced eye tracking system, Smart Eye Pro, enhanced by the sophisticated iMotions Software Suite. Perfect for high-impact research in diverse and demanding environments, Smart Eye Pro delivers exceptional data accuracy and detail. With features like up to 360-degree head and eye tracking, flexible camera placements, and real-time data synchronization, this brochure is essential for anyone seeking to elevate their understanding of visual attention and behavior. Download now to unlock the full potential of your research with cutting-edge eye tracking technology.
- [Human Factors in Automotive Human Machine Interface](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/human-factors-in-automotive-human-machine-interface/): Get an in-depth look at how iMotions is revolutionizing the automotive industry through advanced Human-Machine Interface (HMI) design research. Through iMotions' collaboration with Smart Eye to integrate emotion analytics and eye-tracking technologies into the automotive design process, ensuring that vehicle interfaces are intuitive, safe, and tailored to enhance driver experience. This synergy allows automotive designers to gain a comprehensive understanding of drivers' emotional and cognitive states in real-time, making it possible to create interfaces that are both user-friendly and conducive to safe driving.
- [Virtual Reality Pocket Guide](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/virtual-reality-pocket-guide/): Explore the evolution and impact of VR technology in research across various domains with our comprehensive guide to Virtual Reality research. Learn how VR is used in clinical research and find out how to apply biometric data sources such as eye tracking, GSR and heart rate in your VR research.
- [OSM Reference System](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/osm-reference-system/): The OSM Reference System by iMotions is a complete solution for collecting and analyzing driver information to assess distraction levels as a result of in-car safety warnings and infotainment systems.
- [iMotions Research Report 2023](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/imotions-research-report-2023/): This in-depth document offers a detailed look at the scientific landscape as powered by iMotions software, showcasing groundbreaking research and the impact of our tools in various scientific and industrial fields.
- [Respiration Pocket Guide](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/respiration-pocket-guide/): Learn about respiration's anatomy, its impact on emotions, cognition, and health, and methods like belts, PPG sensors, and camera analysis for data collection in research.
- [Software Updates Fall-Winter 2023](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/software-updates-fall-winter-2023/): Discover the latest advancements in human insights with iMotions' Fall/Winter 2023 software updates. This season brings a groundbreaking voice analysis module in collaboration with audEERING, enhancing emotional and vocal feature analysis. Additionally, we introduced speech-to-text emotional heatmaps, new EEG intersubject correlation calculations, and significant improvements in eye tracking technology. These updates, along with performance enhancements and new EMG functionalities, mark a substantial leap in research capabilities. Dive into these innovative features designed to elevate your research and explore human behavior like never before.
- [iMotions Smart Eye Partnership](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/imotions-smart-eye-partnership/): The iMotions + Smart Eye Pro partnership delivers unparalleled eye tracking capabilities for human behavior research. Smart Eye Pro provides high-precision gaze tracking in any environment, including challenging lighting conditions and multi-screen setups. Researchers can synchronize real-time eye movement data with other biosensors, enabling advanced analytics such as heatmaps, gaze paths, and Areas of Interest (AOIs). With flexible camera placement and 360-degree tracking, this solution is ideal for automotive, flight simulators, control rooms, and UX research. iMotions enhances the system with comprehensive data analysis tools, ensuring high accuracy and deep insights into visual attention and cognitive processes.
- [Voice Analysis Module](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/voice-analysis-module/): We have partnered with audEERING to bring this exceptional integration natively into iMotions. The devAIce® models by audEERING come with the Voice Analysis module and all processing runs locally on your own hardware, ensuring privacy and security.
- [Voice Analysis](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/voice-analysis/): Voice analysis reveals insights into behavior and psychology through pitch, tone, and rhythm. It's versatile, non-invasive, and widely used in emotion detection, health monitoring, and lie detection.
- [Eye Tracking Glasses](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/eye-tracking-glasses-pocket-guide/): Eye tracking evolves: Glasses reshape research. Explore tech, applications, and insights in this concise guide for scholars.
- [ECG infographic](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/ecg-infographic/): Electrocardiography (ECG) is a measure of your heart. Not what it wants, but what it does - by recording and collecting data about the heart’s activity we can understand more about both human physiology and emotional arousal.
- [iMotions WebET 3.0 White Paper](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/imotions-webet-3-0-white-paper/): The iMotions WebET 3.0 white paper offers a comprehensive overview of their latest webcam-based eye tracking algorithm. This groundbreaking technology utilizes deep learning networks to accurately estimate gaze positions from webcam videos, transforming standard webcams into powerful eye tracking devices.
- [iMotions Software Update – Winter ’22](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/imotions-software-update-winter-22/): Our bi-annual compilation of the latest updates to the iMotions software platform in 2022.
- [iMotions Flyer](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/imotions-flyer/): iMotions is the world’s premier provider of human insights software. Across its desktop, online, and mobile applications, iMotions allow users to collect and analyze human behavior data through eye tracking, GSR, facial expression analysis, EEG, EMG, and ECG on one convenient platform. This multi-modal software suite is the most comprehensive human insights tool currently available on the market. Through unrivaled scalability both in terms of software modalities and in participant reach through the different applications, iMotions is an invaluable companion for both commercial and academic research entities.
- [iMotions Software Update – Spring ’22](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/imotions-software-update-spring-22/): Our bi-annual brochure detailing the newest features added over the past few releases of iMotions.
- [iMotions Software Update – Summer ’21](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/imotions-software-update-spring-21/): Our bi-annual brochure detailing the newest features added over the past few releases of iMotions.
- [Neuromarketing Secrets](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/neuromarketing-secrets/): Download this 35-page e-book to uncover helpful tips and tricks for your marketing that are backed by neuroscience.
- [RealEyes for Facial Expression Analysis](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/realeyes-for-facial-expression-analysis/): The iMotions Facial Expression Analysis Module seamlessly integrates the leading automated facial coding engine Realeyes. Using a webcam, you can live synchronize expressed facial emotions with stimuli directly in the iMotions software. If you have recorded facial videos, you can simply import videos into the iMotions software for facial expression analysis post-processing. Gain insights via built-in analysis and visualization tools, or export data for additional analyses.
- [Affectiva for Facial Expression Analysis](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/affectiva-for-facial-expression-analysis/): The iMotions Facial Expression Analysis Module seamlessly integrates the world-leading automated facial coding engine: Affectiva’s AFFDEX. Using a webcam, you can live synchronize expressed facial emotions with stimuli directly in the iMotions software. If you have recorded facial videos, you can simply import videos into the iMotions software for facial expression analysis post-processing. Gain insights via built-in analysis and visualization tools, or export data for additional analyses.
- [iMotions Analysis-Only License](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/imotions-analysis-only-license/): With an Analysis Only License, you free up your iMotions Lab software by distributing the analysis capabilities to different PCs. These licenses only allow for data analysis and study setup, not data collection, so they are not tied to the lab space or main lab's computers.
- [iMotions ECG & EMG](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/imotions-ecg-emg-solutions/): The ECG + EMG Module from iMotions is designed to enhance human behavior research by enabling seamless integration, recording, and analysis of ECG and EMG data. Researchers can synchronize ECG recordings with over 50 devices from 20+ partners, gaining insights into heart rate variability (HRV) and muscle movements. The module supports cloud-based processing, allowing advanced analysis of physiological and psychological stress indicators. With compatibility across multiple biosensors, including Shimmer, BIOPAC and PluX, iMotions provides a comprehensive solution for understanding human emotions, behaviors, and physiological responses.
- [iMotions EDA / GSR Solutions](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/imotions-eda-gsr-solutions/): The iMotions Electrodermal Activity / Galvanic Skin Response Module seamlessly integrates wired and wireless EDA / GSR devices from Shimmer, BIOPAC, and Empatica, so that you can conduct studies in both lab-based or real world settings, according to your chosen stimuli.
- [iMotions Eye Tracking Glasses Solutions](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/eye-tracking-glasses-solutions/): With the iMotions Eye Tracking Glasses Module, you can analyze real-world eye tracking data collected using world-leading, research-grade glasses from Viewpointsystem, Pupil Labs, Argus Science, and SMI.
- [iMotions EEG Solutions](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/imotions-eeg-solutions/): The iMotions EEG Module enables researchers to seamlessly conduct studies and validate results faster. The flexible software connects, records, and live visualizes EEG data and metrics from a range of different EEG headsets, and is a complete experimental suite for EEG, from calibration, to stimuli presentation, to export of results. Export frequency bands, frontal alpha asymmetry, PSD, and other metrics in addition to seeing full overviews of channels, signal strength, and QA tools.
- [iMotions API](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/imotions-api/): The Advanced API allows you to connect iMotions to almost any device beyond our standard biosensors, input and output the data, set triggers and more. And it’s included when you purchase iMotions.
- [Customer Support Program](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/customer-support-program/): The Customer Support Program provides you with everything that you need to support your daily work and covers onboarding, capability training, product releases and ongoing support.
- [iMotions Lab](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/imotions-lab/): The iMotions software is your research solution for any kind of lab research. Whether you are working within behavioral science, doing observations, studying human factors, conducting usability testing or working in a simulation environment, iMotions is your answer.
- [iMotions Module Descriptions](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/imotions-module-descriptions/): Learn how to scale multi-modal biosensor research with individual software modules that come together as add-ons with the iMotions software platform. Individual modules can be activated and deactivated to meet your specific needs.
- [iMotions Screen-based Eye Tracking Solutions](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/screen-based-eye-tracking-solutions/): Explore visual attention and eye tracking processes in screen-based environments with iMotions.
- [UX and Usability Research Solutions](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/ux-and-usability-research/): Eye tracking and other biosensors provide deeper insights into human behavior. In UX and usability you can now get objective data to identify problem areas, quantify experiences, understand emotional responses and much more.
- [Medical / Healthcare Solutions](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/medical-healthcare/): Measurements of psychophysiological responses are routinely used in human behavior research in order to test potential differences between patient groups.
- [Automotive Solutions](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/automotive-solutions/): Learn how you can unpack human behavior with biosensor data in simulations and automotive environments.
- [iMotions Eye Tracking VR Solutions](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/eye-tracking-vr-solutions/): Explore attentional processes in any virtual reality environment with Eye Tracking in VR.
- [Neuromarketing Solutions](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/neuromarketing-solutions/): Eye tracking and other biosensors provide deeper insights into human behavior. Consumer neuroscience provides objective data to help predict campaign success, quantify attention, understand emotions, and much more.
- [Scientific Grant Writing](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/scientific-grant-writing/): This guide will provide you with everything you’ll need for your grant writing application and help you find the most important aspects when it comes to grant writing, including best practices for content and style.
- [Human Behavior](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/human-behavior/): In this guide we will introduce you to human behavior fundamentals and how you can tap into previously unknown secrets of the human brain and mind.
- [Electroencephalography (EEG)](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/electroencephalography-eeg/): This guide will provide you with everything you need to getting started with EEG, with tons of tips and inside knowledge in an easily digestible way.
- [Facial Expression Analysis](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/facial-expression-analysis/): This guide will provide you with everything you need to get started with facial expression analysis or take your research to the next step.
- [Electrodermal Activity (EDA) / Galvanic Skin Response](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/electrodermal-activity-eda-galvanic-skin-response-gsr/): Get tons of hands-on advice and our best tips on EDA / GSR data collection and analysis.
- [Electrocardiography (ECG / EKG)](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/electrocardiography-ecg-ekg/): Heart activity is closely linked to physiological and psychological arousal, making it ideal for understanding our mental states in greater detail. Read how in our pocket guide for Electrocardiography.
- [Experimental Design](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/experimental-design/): Today’s scientific insights are the result of careful thinking and experimental planning, proper collecting of data, and drawing of appropriate conclusions. In this guide, you will learn what it takes to design excellent experiments that shine and survive the test of time.
- [Eye Tracking](https://imotions.com/support/document-library/eye-tracking/): Ready to kick off your eye tracking research? Eye tracking is on the rise and can be used in a vast variety of academic and commercial research areas. Grab this guide and see how it can benefit you.

## Job Opportunities
- [Technical Support Specialist](https://imotions.com/about-us/job-opportunities/job-opening-technical-support-specialist/): iMotions - US: Boston
- [Customer Success Manager (North America)](https://imotions.com/about-us/job-opportunities/customer-success-manager-north-america/): Customer Success Manager (North America)
- [Customer Success Manager, APAC (Based in Australia)](https://imotions.com/about-us/job-opportunities/customer-success-manager-apac-based-in-australia/): Are you passionate about innovative software and hardware technologies and helping customers apply them to their business or academic research goals? Do you want to be part of a fast-growing, highly customer-centric, collaborative, and enthusiastic team?

## News
- [iMotions Unveils Affectiva Emotion SDK for Android, Unlocking On‑Device, Privacy‑First Emotion AI at the Edge](https://imotions.com/about-us/news/imotions-unveils-affectiva-emotion-sdk-for-android/): COPENHAGEN (May 21, 2026) – iMotions, the world’s leading software platform for human behavior research, today announced the availability of the Affectiva Emotion SDK on Android, bringing its advanced facial expression and emotion recognition capabilities directly onto the world’s most widely used mobile operating system.
- [iMotions Launches New Motion Capture Module](https://imotions.com/about-us/news/new-motion-capture-module/): iMotions announces the launch of its new Motion Capture Module, delivering fast, hardware-free body kinematics directly within the iMotions software ecosystem.
- [iMotions Product & Feature News – February 2026](https://imotions.com/about-us/news/imotions-product-feature-news-february-2026/): We’re excited to share several updates designed to give you more flexibility and clarity in your research with iMotions. From expanded VR headset support and improved integration options, to new monocular eye tracking capabilities for Smart Eye Trackers, this release reflects the feedback and real-world needs we’ve heard from many of you.
- [iMotions Launches iMotions 11, Delivering Increased Speed, Flexibility, Insight to Human Behavior Research](https://imotions.com/about-us/news/imotions-launches-imotions-11-delivering-increased-speed-flexibility-insight-to-human-behavior-research/): Enhanced automation, machine learning, and visualization tools help researchers uncover human insights faster, deeper, and more intuitively
- [iMotions Integrates Neurable Headset into Human Behavior Research Platform](https://imotions.com/about-us/news/imotions-integrates-neurable-headset-into-human-behavior-research-platform/): COPENHAGEN and BOSTON - October 21, 2025 - iMotions, the world’s leading software platform for human behavior research, today announced that it has integrated into its platform the state-of-the-art EEG headset from Neurable Inc., a neurotechnology company pioneering wearable brain-computer interface (BCI) technology
- [iMotions Announces Strategic Partnership with Artinis to Launch fNIRS Integration](https://imotions.com/about-us/news/imotions-announces-strategic-partnership-with-artinis-to-launch-fnirs-integration/): Copenhagen, Denmark & Elst, The Netherlands – June 25, 2025.
- [iMotions Breaks the Boundaries of Remote Research with the Remote Data Collection Platform, Enabling Seamless Human Behavior Research Beyond the Lab](https://imotions.com/about-us/news/imotions-launches-remote-data-collection-platform-enabling-seamless-human-behavior-research-beyond-the-lab/): Break the Boundaries for Your Research
- [iMotions to Fully Integrate Affectiva’s Media Analytics in Order to Establish Consolidated Global Behavioral Research Unit within Smart Eye Group](https://imotions.com/about-us/news/imotions-to-fully-integrate-affectivas-media-analytics-in-order-to-establish-consolidated-global-behavioral-research-unit-within-smart-eye-group/): Combination of Smart Eye subsidiaries strengthens products and services, further enabling commercial and academic researchers to gain access to unparalleled insights into human behavior
- [iMotions Launches Innovative Webcam Respiration Module, Pioneering Non-Invasive Remote Respiration Monitoring](https://imotions.com/about-us/news/imotions-launches-innovative-webcam-respiration-module-pioneering-non-invasive-remote-respiration-monitoring/): Transforming Remote Research with Real-Time, Non-Invasive Respiration Data Collection
- [Introducing EduLabs, A Revolution in Human Behavior Research Software That Transforms Student Learning, Rigorous Academic Research](https://imotions.com/about-us/news/introducing-edulabs-a-revolution-in-human-behavior-research-software-that-transforms-student-learning-rigorous-academic-research/): EduLabs integrates iMotions’ Online and Lab solutions into a dynamic, scalable, accessible platform that can benefit any student, department or research opportunity.
- [iMotions 10 Makes Leading Human Behavior Research Platform More Intuitive, Scalable, Dynamic](https://imotions.com/about-us/news/imotions-10-makes-leading-human-behavior-research-platform-more-intuitive-scalable-dynamic/): The release introduces major updates to study builder and user interface – reducing complexity while allowing for more dynamic research studies that deliver enhanced results
- [iMotions, PLUX Announce Partnership to Integrate Respiration Rate into World’s Leading, Multimodal Human Behavior Analysis Platform](https://imotions.com/about-us/news/imotions-plux-announce-partnership-to-integrate-respiration-rate-into-worlds-leading-multimodal-human-behavior-analysis-platform/): Addition of PLUX biosignalsplux sensors allows iMotions customers to develop deeper insights into physiological and psychological states
- [Revenue Management Solutions, iMotions Partner to Unlock Revenue Opportunities through Menu Optimization](https://imotions.com/about-us/news/revenue-management-solutions-imotions-partner-to-unlock-revenue-opportunities-through-menu/): Using advanced research technologies, including eye tracking and facial expression analysis, restaurants can better understand menu navigation to develop revenue strategies
- [iMotions Enhances World’s Leading, Multimodal Human Behavior Analysis Platform with Integration of Voice Analysis Module](https://imotions.com/about-us/news/imotions-enhances-worlds-leading-multimodal-human-behavior-analysis-platform-with-integration-of-voice-analysis-module/): For more information about the new voice analysis module, visit the dedicated voice analysis module page. 
- [Suffolk University opens consumer behaviour lab](https://imotions.com/about-us/news/suffolk-university-opens-consumer-behaviour-lab/): BOSTON–Suffolk University’s Sawyer Business School today unveiled its new X-Lab, the first human behavior lab in Massachusetts both dedicated to advancing academic research and integrated into a business school curriculum.
- [Smart Eye Acquires iMotions to Unlock Potential for Multi-Modal, Human Behavioral Research](https://imotions.com/about-us/news/smart-eye-acquires-imotions-to-unlock-potential-for-multi-modal-human-behavioral-research/): iMotions to continue to be independently run, while the combined companies bring together complementary expertise in sensing technologies and biosensor software to create the first powerhouse for analyzing emotional, cognitive and behavioral data, delivering holistic human insights
- [VI-GRADE Announces Strategic Partnership With iMotions](https://imotions.com/about-us/news/vi-grade-announces-strategic-partnership-with-imotions/): Darmstadt / Copenhagen, May 5th, 2021 - VI-grade, a leading provider of best-in-class software products and services for advanced applications in the field of system level simulation, and iMotions, the world’s leading software platform for studying human behavior, today announced a partnership that will significantly advance driving simulator research. By integrating iMotions’ biosensor research platform into VI-grade’s driving simulators, users can seamlessly study and process behavioral and simulation data in one platform. 
- [Online Data Collection Press Release](https://imotions.com/about-us/news/odc-pressrelease/): COPENHAGEN – iMotions, the world’s leading software platform for studying human behavior, today announced the launch of its Online Data Collection module, powering quick, cost-effective research in natural environments across the globe. The module is already helping organizations navigate study challenges presented by COVD-19 while creating long-term ideas for expanding and enhancing current, lab-based research approaches.

## profiles
- [Stig Kristensen](https://imotions.com/profile/stig-kristensen/)
- [Jacob Ulmert](https://imotions.com/profile/jacob-ulmert/)
- [Holger Lunden](https://imotions.com/profile/holger-lunden/)
- [Thorsten Larsen-Seul](https://imotions.com/profile/thorsten-larsen-seul/)
- [Peter Hartzbech](https://imotions.com/profile/peter-hartzbech/)
- [Nadia Pedersen](https://imotions.com/profile/nadia-pedersen/)
- [Danni Peng-Li](https://imotions.com/profile/danni-peng-li/): This is a short bio for Danni

## Case Studies
- [Inside Ruhr West University’s Usability and Interaction Lab](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/ruhr-west-university-case-story/): Explore Hochschule Ruhr West’s Usability and Interaction Lab, where biometric research and mixed methods teaching bring human behavior to life. Discover how students use eye tracking, GSR, and facial analysis to bridge theory and real-world application in an open, hands-on learning environment.
- [Brain Power | Augmented Reality Smart-Glass-System for Children and Adults with Autism](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/brain-power/): The Brain Power System is the World’s First Augmented Reality Smart-Glass-System to empower children and adults with autism to teach themselves crucial social and cognitive skills.
- [How GIPHY and Affectiva are Cataloging the Language of Emotion](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/how-giphy-and-affectiva-are-cataloging-the-language-of-emotion/): The internet of two decades ago was a library of text. Its search engines were built for that world, designed to navigate a web of words. But the internet evolved. It exploded into a vibrant, visual, and visceral ecosystem of social media, video, entertainment, and culture—all driven by a new generation of creators for a new global audience. In this dynamic digital landscape, the static nature of text was no longer enough.
- [Facing Your Fears: How Nevermind Uses Emotion AI to Master Your Nerves](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/facing-your-fears-how-nevermind-uses-emotion-ai-to-master-your-nerves/): In the world of psychological thrillers, your greatest enemy is often your own fear. But what if the game itself could sense that fear—and use it against you? This is the chillingly brilliant premise behind Nevermind, the groundbreaking game from Flying Mollusk.
- [The Science of Online Dating](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/science-tinder-case-study/): iMotions client Tom van Bommel of Unravel Research in The Netherlands, set out to investigate how different features in an image can affect the desirability of a potential match when using Tinder.
- [At Arizona State University, students and publications take center stage for behavioral science research](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/at-arizona-state-university-students-and-publications-take-center-stage-for-behavioral-science-research/): By implementing iMotions in the lab, Dr. Robert Atkinson has been able to reallocate more budget to conducting and publishing research, since the software allows for a shift away from highly technical programming skills towards carrying out experiments.
- [Tracking the Photographer’s Eye](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/tracking-the-photographers-eye/): Renowned photographer and author Michael Freeman reached out to iMotions to do a collaboration on eye tracking in photo compositions.
- [Scalable, Interdisciplinary Behavioral Science Research at the University of Nebraska Omaha](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/scalable-interdisciplinary-behavioral-science-research/): The Commerce and Applied Behavior Lab (CAB Lab) is a converging point for researchers across departments.
- [Studying Presence and Immersive Storytelling in VR](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/studying-presence-and-immersive-storytelling-in-vr-with-imotions/): How do you measure presence in Virtual Reality? That’s what Dr. Arindam Dey at the University of Queensland has set out to do with biosensors and iMotions.
- [Collaboration Leads the Way for Industry and Academic Innovation](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/case-study-ucl-rynkeby/): How studies with iMotions can unite applied science and business schools with local commercial enterprises for greater collaboration and next-level insights.
- [Using eye tracking and facial expression analysis to evaluate political campaigns ](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/using-eye-tracking-and-facial-expression-analysis-to-evaluate-political-campaigns/): Getting elected into office requires exposure. This case study looks into the efficacy of election posters using Eye Tracking, FEA and GSR to evaluate poiltical campaigns.
- [Measuring Instant Emotional Reactions to Film Trailers](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/measuring-emotional-reactions-to-trailers-increased-effectiveness/): Real-time trackable emotion technologies are the future of consumer insights in cinema audience measurement, says top Danish film production company after their pilot study with iMotions.
- [Agile Methods for Human Factors Research](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/agile-methods-for-human-factors-research/): FORCE Technology conducts flexible human factors research in natural environments with iMotions.
- [Adidas Athlete Performance with the Right Emotional Fit in Footwear – featuring Jeff Goldblum](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/adidas-case-story/): At the Sport Science Perception Research Lab in Portland, Oregon, sports scientists are taking perception research to an emotional level. The team uses technology to help athletes tackle obstacles to improvement, which can be as much about their emotional relationship with their footwear as their athletic performance or even a shoe’s construction. Simply put, they are performing sneaker emotion research.
- [Perfecting Performance](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/perfectingperformance/): What makes a good driver? We put Smart Eye’s eye tracking technology and iMotions’s biometric analysis platform to the ultimate test: turning the physiological signals of race car drivers in extreme conditions into powerful insights that help them become better drivers.
- [Powering Duracell’s Consumer Insight Advancements](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/powering-consumer-insight-advancements/): How iMotions’ software platform helped Duracell reimagine its approach across the entire product development lifecycle.
- [Weeding out deceitful responses in online surveys](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/weeding-out-deceitful-responses-in-online-surveys/): Failing to successfully exclude deceitful survey respondents could potentially set research, branding, and/or marketing endeavors on the wrong path to the detriment of time, cost, and effort. Researchers at the University of South Florida evaluated respondents' facial expressions using iMotions to find signs of "bad actors."
- [How a UX Study Helped Change Real Estate Law](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/how-a-ux-study-helped-change-real-estate-law/): A new real estate law in Denmark requires banks and mortgage companies to present two “mandatory front pages” to every loan proposal, containing five key figures which will help give borrowers the overview they need to choose the right loan. This is a direct result of years of focused behavioral economic research and analysis by the Danish Competition and Consumer Authority, powered by iMotions.
- [How HeyHuman uses Neuroscience to create digital content that’s easy on the brain](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/neuroscience-to-create-content/): HeyHuman, a behavioral communications agency, uses neuroscience and biosensor data with iMotions to make content that’s easier to process on a cognitive level, and more engaging.
- [Innovative neuroeconomics research at Texas A&M](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/innovative-neuroeconomics-research-at-texas-am/): Professor Marco Palma and the Human Behavior Lab at Texas A&M University are pioneering research in neuroeconomics with iMotions, leading to fast-scaling experiments about how we engage with food and self-regulate.
- [The Emotional Test Drive](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/the-emotional-test-drive/): In-cabin sensing can detect more than just our presence in cars, including our emotions. With Mazda Motor Europe we set out to perform the ultimate emotional test drive - on ice.
- [Faster and Improved Human Factors Research](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/faster-and-improved-human-factors-research/): In the DEPICT LAB at Luleå University of Technology, Dr. Camilla Grane, Professor Bjarne Bergquist, and Dr. Peter Törlind may have three distinct research areas, but their use of iMotions for human factors research connects them in one unified lab where they can share resources and publish faster. 
- [Acceleration of research output and increased marketability](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/acceleration-of-research-output-and-increased-marketability/): Roger Azevedo has co-authored over 30 publications on human behavior research using iMotions.
- [Award-winning Game Design Research](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/award-winning-game-design-research/): Dr. Alessandro Canossa at Northeastern University conducts sophisticated player behavior studies using iMotions in a fraction of the time as compared to before iMotions. He’s won a best paper award for this work.
- [20% profit boost from menu redesigns – thanks to eye tracking](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/20-profit-boost-from-menu-redesigns-thanks-to-eye-tracking/): Texas A&M University collaborates with restaurants to optimize their menu redesigns using iMotions.
- [Automated Facial Expression Analysis speeds up Oxford University’s Experimental Psychology research](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/automated-fea-oxford/): iMotions helps Oxford University address entirely new areas of research into emotional reactions in game theory contexts through automated facial expression analysis.
- [Checkmate: The power of implicit factors in negotiation](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/checkmate-the-power-of-implicit-factors-in-negotiation/): In a series of research projects over the past decade, MIT researcher & professor Jared Curhan and his team have used iMotions to examine physiological and nonconscious cues during negotiation. One of their many discoveries is that paraverbal social signals during the first 5 minutes of a negotiation accounted for 30% of the variance in economic outcomes.
- [Studying Food Reward with Biometrics](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/food-reward-biometrics/): Food is more than just a source of energy and nutrition. It can also evoke emotions, memories, and preferences that influence our choices and behaviors. But how can we measure these subjective aspects of food consumption? In this article, we will explore how biometrics can help us understand the complex relationship between food and reward.
- [Your Brain on Music](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/how-brain-activity-seizes-the-hit-potential-of-new-music/): Online music popularity can be predicted from the similarity in brain activity of a relatively small sample size.
- [Ensuring Future-Facing Education with iMotions Online](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/ensuring-future-facing-education-with-imotions-online/): With the launch of iMotions Online, iMotions is spearheading a revolution, aimed at making human behavior software a cornerstone in educational institutions globally. From the very beginning of their academic journey, students are envisioned to harness iMotions as a pivotal data collection and analysis platform. This is grounded in the belief that the intricacies of human behavior research are not as daunting as they might appear, especially when it comes to grasping its fundamental principles.
- [Advancing Student Success Through Biometric Research at Loyola University Chicago](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/advancing-student-success-through-biometric-research-at-loyola-university-chicago/): What once was reserved for the graduate level is now making its way to the undergraduate classroom at Loyola University Chicago’s Quinlan School of Business. In Professor Dinko Bačić’s course, juniors and seniors are conducting advanced biometric research with real-world applications, culminating in an impressive seven IRB-approved research papers, all within a single semester. Through the integration of biometric research powered by iMotions human behavior research platform, the university's "Analytical Decision Making" course has transformed into an engaging, publishing powerhouse. 
- [High Point University: A Starting Point for Future Marketers](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/high-point-university-a-starting-point-for-future-marketers/): Embarking on a successful career journey starts with the right foundation. At High Point University (HPU), students aren't just preparing for the workforce; they're launching into it with a competitive edge that sets them apart. Through innovative initiatives and cutting-edge technology integration, HPU is paving the way for the marketers of tomorrow.
- [Nurturing New Discoveries: How NC State’s Cognitive Behavioral Lab is Blooming & Bringing Biometric Research to Horticulture](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/nurturing-new-discoveries-how-nc-states-cognitive-behavioral-lab-is-blooming-bringing-biometric-research-to-horticulture/): In the heart of North Carolina State University's campus lies a hub of interdisciplinary collaboration and groundbreaking research: the Cognitive Behavioral Lab. Led by Assistant Professor of Horticultural Science, Dr. Melinda Knuth, the lab isn’t just cultivating new discoveries in her discipline, but is a cornerstone for student development and industry partnerships.
- [Q&A with Melinda Knuth: Exploring the Intersection of Human Behavior and Horticulture through iMotions](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/qa-with-melinda-knuth-exploring-the-intersection-of-human-behavior-and-horticulture-through-imotions/): Melinda Knuth, an assistant professor at North Carolina State University, is emerging as one of the rising stars in horticultural research, particularly in the niche field of understanding human behavior towards plants. Her interdisciplinary approach, coupled with innovative biometric research powered by iMotions, has driven new discoveries in horticulture while fostering collaboration, student development and industry partnerships on campus. In this Q&A, Melinda shares insights into her journey, her research endeavors, and the dynamics of her cognitive behavioral lab at North Carolina State University.
- [Tomorrow’s Market Research Today](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/tomorrows-market-research-today/): Mike Mickunas sees a marketing revolution brewing, one fueled by the science of human behavior. Here's how he's training the next generation of marketers to dominate the future of the industry.
- [Q&A with Loyola University of Chicago Research Students](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/qa-with-loyola-university-of-chicago-research-students/): Professor Dinko Bačić’s "Analytical Decision Making" course at Loyola University of Chicago offers an opportunity for undergraduate students to develop and execute their own research projects using the latest biometric technologies. In this Q&A, iMotions’ Senior Strategic Account Manager Francesca Marchionne, Ph.D, speaks with students Kaitlin Walker and Ayla Lezic about their experience using iMotions to investigate the impact of subtitles on comprehension, perception and visual attention as viewers watched scenes of “The Crown.” 
- [From Curiosity to Discovery: Integrating Human Data into Architectural Design](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/from-curiosity-to-discovery-integrating-human-data-into-architectural-design/): Have you ever wondered why certain places feel instantly warm and inviting, while others feel bleak? For Hernan Rosas, it became a lifelong fascination that fueled his unique path in design. A path that has led him to earn a degree in architecture, publish several studies on human interactions with the man-made world, and now to design his own curriculum at the University of Maryland and shape how tomorrow’s design can be better for humanity. 
- [The Ergonomics of Gaming](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/the-ergonomics-of-gaming/): Long-time iMotions users, Mauro Usability Science, in collaboration with their partner Secretlab, have conducted an advanced research analysis focused on the ergonomics of video gaming, specifically addressing the impact of seating design on gameplay performance. The impetus for this study was rooted in the exponential growth of the video game and esports industry, anticipated to exceed $300 billion by 2029, surpassing the combined profits of the music and movie industries.
- [Suffolk University Q&A](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/suffolk-university-qa/): Suffolk University’s X-Lab at Sawyer Business School, equipped with iMotions’ cutting-edge biosensor research platform, enables in-depth human behavior studies. Dean Amy Zeng and Dr. Jane Zhu share insights into the lab’s creation, challenges, and alignment with strategic goals, which have made it a success for students, faculty, and the university.
- [Biosensors, Bias and Basketball: A student’s story](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/biosensors-bias-and-basketball-a-students-story/): Loyola University of Chicago business students used iMotions to study gender bias in sports viewership. Their research revealed no physiological differences in engagement between men’s and women’s basketball games, suggesting societal factors influence viewership. This hands-on research experience provided valuable insights and unique opportunities for students in the business school.
- [reMarkable and the Science of Focus: A Solution to Technostress](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/remarkable-case/): Caught in the techno-paradox, knowledge workers face rising digital fatigue. A new neuroscience study using the reMarkable tablet and iMotions tech reveals it boosts memory, focus, and creativity-while reducing stress, cognitive load, and mental exhaustion. Discover the science behind distraction-free productivity.
- [Undergraduate student presents research at AMCIS: Grace’s journey from classroom to conference](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/student-research-at-academic-conference/): Grace Jakobs, a recent graduate from Loyola University, presented her group's research project at a major academic conference, AMCIS. They used iMotions Education in their course and iMotions Lab for their multimodal behavior research project.
- [Empowering the Next Generation of Behavioral Scientists at London School of Economics](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/london-school-of-economics/): How The London School of Economics Uses Human Behavior Research to Bridge Academia, Real-World Impact, and Commercial Innovation.
- [Unpacking Listener Reactions to Violence: A Podimo Study on the “Fight Club” Podcast](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/podimo-fight-club-podcast/): A recent study conducted by Podimo partnering up with iMotions Services aimed to delve into the intricate emotional and physiological responses of listeners exposed to intense audio content. Focusing on a trailer for a podcast about Denmark's underground fight scene, the research sought to understand how audiences process listening to violence.
- [iMotions Education engages young students](https://imotions.com/customer-stories/imotions-education-engages-young-students-at-niels-brock/): iMotions Education has been used by thousands of university students. In this Case Story, we tested out iMotions Education with high school/gymnasiet students. 

## Forms

## Charts
- [Community vs. Panel](https://imotions.com/chart/community-vs-panel/)
- [Frustration (% time)](https://imotions.com/chart/frustration-time/)
- [Correct Answers For Monthly Expense (%)](https://imotions.com/chart/correct-answers-for-monthly-expense/)

## RM Locations
- [Asia Pacific](https://imotions.com/locations/asia-pacific/): 60 Paya Lebar Road #06-01Paya Lebar Square409051 Singapore
- [Germany](https://imotions.com/locations/germany/): Strausberg Technology and Innovation Center (STIC)Garzauer Chaussee 1a15344 Strausberg (bei Berlin)TEL +49 (0)151-63980468
- [Boston Office](https://imotions.com/locations/boston-office/): 38 Chauncy StreetFloor 8, Suite 800Boston, MA 02111TEL +1 617-520-4958
- [Copenhagen Headquarters](https://imotions.com/locations/copenhagen-headquarters/): Kristen Bernikows Gade 6, 4th floorCopenhagen K, 1105DenmarkVAT: DK 33504004TEL +45 71 998 098